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建设建强资本市场 更好服务中国式现代化——证监会主席吴清在2024金融街论坛年会上的主旨演讲




尊敬的尹力书记、殷勇市长,秀领主任、小东主席,尊敬的王江副主任、功胜行长、云泽局长、傅华社长、鹤新局长,各位来宾,女士们、先生们:

大家上午好!很高兴参加本次金融街论坛。当前全球经济贸易、地缘政治领域形势复杂、矛盾冲突多发、风险挑战巨大,只有秉持相互理解和尊重,加强宏观政策协调互信、强化产业分工协作、深化金融合作开放,才能破解发展难题和信任鸿沟,为不确定的全球经济注入更多确定性。本届论坛以“信任和信心”为主题,具有重要的现实意义。

今年以来,面对复杂严峻的内外部环境,在党中央坚强领导下,中国经济运行保持总体平稳、稳中有进,高质量发展扎实推进。党的二十届三中全会就进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化作出全面部署,为经济长期向好注入强劲动力。近期各方面坚决落实9月26日中央政治局会议精神,打出一系列政策“组合拳”,有力提振了市场信心。我们相信,随着重点改革任务加快落地,一揽子增量政策的陆续推出,存量政策持续发力,中国经济持续回升向好的基础将更加稳固、行稳致远。

资本市场在金融运行中牵一发而动全身,在促进创新资本形成、助力产业转型升级、完善社会财富管理、稳定社会心理预期等方面发挥着独特而关键的作用。证监会将坚决贯彻落实二十届三中全会和中央政治局会议精神,紧紧围绕资本市场高质量发展,强本强基、严监严管,防范风险,有效发挥资本市场功能,更好服务经济社会发展大局。

第一,进一步打牢投融资协调发展基础。投资与融资一体两面,二者相辅相成,相互促进。一是实现量的总体平衡。一方面,要加快落实中长期资金入市指导意见,大力发展权益类公募基金,分类施策打通中长期资金入市的堵点痛点,构建支持“长钱长投”的政策体系。刚才潘行长宣布互换便利工具已开始接受金融机构申请,证监会也已批复同意20家证券基金公司参与互换便利。我们还将积极配合人民银行做好股票回购增持再贷款政策工具的落地实施,这些将为A股市场引入增量资金。另一方面,我们将推进落实资本市场做好金融“五篇大文章”的各项举措。进一步完善一二级市场协调发展机制,使市场融资规模和节奏更加科学合理。二是实现质的持续提升。抓住提高上市公司质量这个“牛鼻子”,引导和督促上市公司完善公司治理,进一步提高透明度,加大分红、回购力度,落实市值管理责任,不断提升投资价值,为投资者创造长期回报。三是实现权责的有效制衡。近期,市场比较关注股东减持问题,从客观数据来看,无论是过去一年,还是9月下旬以来,上市公司并没有出现“扎堆减持”和大量违规减持现象。针对个别公司违规减持问题,证监会和交易所都立刻采取了措施,进行了严肃处理。减持是股东权利,正常的减持应予以支持,但对违规减持、绕道减持,必须坚决予以处理,责令购回、上缴价差,并承担相应的责任。下一步,针对上市公司大股东、实控人的持股、资金和信息优势,我们将强化发行上市、信息披露、股份减持、退市等全链条监管,加强对大股东等“关键少数”行为的必要约束,有效维护中小投资者合法权益,让融资更规范、投资更安心。

第二,进一步支持新质生产力发展壮大。我们将以支持优质创新企业为重点,增强制度包容性、适应性,改革优化发行上市制度,抓好新发布的“并购六条”落地实施,尽快推出一批典型案例。健全股权激励等制度,有效激发企业家精神和人才创新创造活力,引领带动各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚。着力培育壮大耐心资本,综合用好股、债、期等各类工具,完善创业投资、私募股权投资“募投管退”支持政策,引导更好投早、投小、投长期、投硬科技。增强专业服务能力,督促行业机构提升能力,在促进科技、产业和商业模式创新中,更好发挥价值发现、风险定价、交易撮合、增值服务等作用,助力优质创新企业发展壮大。

第三,进一步全面深化资本市场改革。我们正按照三中全会部署,研究制定进一步全面深化资本市场改革实施方案。将坚持市场化、法治化方向,深化资本市场投融资综合改革,健全推动上市公司高质量发展和增强市场内在稳定性的体制机制,针对一二级市场定价、投资者保护等制约市场功能发挥的重点难点问题,以典型案例为切入点带动制度完善。加强改革协同,把握好时度效,确保各项改革举措可操作可落地可预期,取得实效。

第四,进一步塑造良好市场生态。落实监管要“长牙带刺”、有棱有角的要求,严惩财务造假、欺诈发行、操纵市场、违规减持等行为,切实维护市场“三公”。强监管不是严而无度,关键是通过依法有效监管,使市场各方各尽其责、各得其所,促进强本强基。要在加强监管的同时,鼓励践行“五要五不”的中国特色金融文化,督促上市公司、行业机构等坚守法治诚信、契约精神,履行信义义务和受托责任,涵养尊重投资者、回报投资者的股权文化,为资本市场平稳健康发展创造优良“软环境”。

各位来宾,各位朋友!

开放是中国式现代化的鲜明标识,外资是中国资本市场的重要参与者、建设者。证监会将坚定不移持续推进市场、机构、产品全方位制度型开放,深化境内外市场互联互通,拓宽境外上市渠道,鼓励和支持更多外资机构来华投资展业。我们将进一步增强政策的稳定性、透明度和可预期性,努力让各类资金“愿意来、留得住、发展得好”。

最后,衷心祝愿本届论坛取得圆满成功!


Your Excellency Secretary Yin Li, Your Excellency Mayor Yin Yong, Your Excellency Lord Xiu, Your Excellency President Kotō, Your Excellency vice-president Wang Jiang, Your Excellency President Gong Sheng, Your Excellency Commissioner Ulanhu, Your Excellency President Fu Hua, Your Excellency Commissioner Hexin, Distinguished Guests, ladies and gentlemen,

good morning, everyone! It is my pleasure to attend this Financial Street Forum. At present, the situation in the fields of global economy, trade and geopolitics is complex, conflicts are frequent and risks and challenges are enormous, only by strengthening macro-policy coordination and mutual trust, enhancing industrial division and coordination, and deepening financial cooperation and openness can we overcome development challenges and trust gaps and inject more certainty into the uncertain global economy. The theme of this forum is“Trust and confidence”, which is of great practical significance.


This year, in the face of a complex and challenging internal and external environment, under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the Chinese economy has on the whole maintained steady performance with progress made, and high-quality development has made solid progress. The third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a comprehensive plan to further deepen reform in an all-round way and promote chinese-style modernization, thus injecting strong impetus into the long-term improvement of the economy. Recently, all parties resolutely implemented the spirit of the Politburo meeting held on September 26 and launched a series of policy “Combined Fist”, effectively boosting market confidence. We are confident that with the acceleration of key reform tasks, the launch of an incremental package of policies and the sustained strength of the stock policy, China's economic rebound will be on a firmer and more stable footing.


The capital market plays an important role in the financial operation, it plays a unique and key role in promoting the formation of innovative capital, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, improving social wealth management, and stabilizing social psychological expectations. The SFC will resolutely implement the spirit of the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC and the Politburo conference, firmly focus on the high-quality development of the capital market, strengthen the capital base, tighten supervision, guard against risks and give full play to the function of the capital market, better serve the overall situation of economic and social development.


First, to further lay a solid foundation for the coordinated development of investment and financing. Investment and financing are two sides of the same coin, they complement each other and promote each other. One is to achieve the overall balance of quantity. On the one hand, we need to accelerate the implementation of the mid-and long-term fund market guidance, vigorously develop equity-based public funds, and sort and implement measures to break through the mid-and long-term fund market entry pain points, build a policy system that supports“Long money, long investment”. Just now Governor Pan announced that the swap facility has started to accept applications from financial institutions. The Securities and Futures Commission has also approved the participation of 20 securities fund companies in the swap facility. We will also actively cooperate with the People's Bank of China to do a good job of stock repurchase and refinancing policy tools to implement, these will introduce incremental capital for the a-share market. On the other hand, we will promote the implementation of the capital market to do a good job in the financial“Five Articles” measures. We will further improve the mechanism for coordinated development of the primary and secondary markets, and make the scale and rhythm of market financing more scientific and rational. The second is to achieve continuous improvement in quality. To grasp the“Bull nose” of improving the quality of listed companies, guide and urge listed companies to improve corporate governance, further improve transparency, increase dividends, buy-back efforts, and implement market value management responsibilities, continue to increase the value of the investment to create long-term returns for investors. The third is to realize the effective check and balance of power and responsibility. Recently, the market is more concerned about the issue of shareholder reduction, from the objective data, whether in the past year, or late September, listed companies have not appeared since the“Heap reduction” and a large number of illegal reduction phenomenon. Both the CSRC and the exchange immediately took measures to deal with the problem of illegal sales by individual companies. Reduction is a shareholder's right, the normal reduction should be supported, but illegal reduction, bypass reduction, must be resolutely dealt with, ordered to buy back, pay the price difference, and bear the corresponding responsibility. Next, we will strengthen the entire chain of supervision over the issue, listing, information disclosure, share reduction, and delisting of listed companies, in view of the shareholding, capital, and information advantages of the major shareholders and actual controllers of listed companies, strengthen the“Key minority” behavior of large shareholders and other necessary constraints, effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of small and medium-sized investors, so that financing more standardized, investment more secure.


Second, we will further support the growth of new-quality productivity. We will focus on supporting high-quality innovative enterprises, enhance institutional inclusiveness and adaptability, reform and optimize the issuance and listing system, and make good use of the newly issued“Merger and acquisition six” to implement, as soon as possible to launch a number of typical cases. We will improve systems such as equity incentives to stimulate entrepreneurship and creativity, and lead all kinds of advanced factors of production to concentrate on developing new-quality productive forces. We will work hard to cultivate and expand patient capital, make good use of various tools such as stocks, bonds and maturities, and improve policies to support venture capital and private equity investment by offering investment, managing returns, and so on, to guide better investment early, small, long-term investment, investment hard science and technology. To strengthen the capacity of professional services and urge industry bodies to upgrade their capabilities, so as to give better play to their roles in value discovery, risk pricing, dealmaking and value-added services in promoting innovation in science, technology, industry and business models, to promote the development of high-quality innovative enterprises.


Third, further deepening the reform of the capital market in an all-round way. In accordance with the plan laid out at the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee, we are working out an implementation plan for further deepening the reform of the capital market in an all-round way. Will adhere to the direction of marketization and the rule of law, deepen the comprehensive reform of investment and financing in the capital market, and improve the institutional mechanisms for promoting the high-quality development of listed companies and enhancing the internal stability of the market, aiming at the key and difficult problems that restrict the function of the market, such as the pricing of the primary and secondary market, investor protection, etc. . Strengthen the coordination of reform, grasp the time effectiveness, to ensure that the various reform initiatives can be implemented and expected to achieve practical results.


Fourth, to further shape a good market ecology. We will ensure that supervision is carried out in accordance with the requirements of“Long teeth with thorns” and sharp edges and corners, and severely punish financial fraud, fraudulent issuance, manipulation of the market, and illegal sales reductions, so as to safeguard the“Three official markets” in the market. Strong supervision is not strict and unrestrained, the key is through effective supervision in accordance with the law, so that all parties in the market to do their duty, each in its place, to promote strong foundation. While strengthening supervision, we should encourage the practice of a financial culture with Chinese characteristics characterized by“Five essentials and five negatives,” and urge listed companies and industrial institutions to adhere to the spirit of rule of law, good faith, and contracts, and to fulfill their fiduciary duties and responsibilities, cultivate a culture of equity that respects and rewards investors, and create a good“Soft environment” for the steady and healthy development of the capital market.


Ladies and gentlemen, Ladies and Gentlemen!


Opening-up is a distinctive symbol of chinese-style modernization, and foreign capital is an important participant and builder of China's capital market. The CSRC will unswervingly continue to promote an all-round institutional opening up of markets, institutions and products, deepen market connectivity at home and abroad, and expand overseas listing channels, we will encourage and support more foreign-funded institutions to invest in China. We will further enhance policy stability, transparency and predictability, and strive to make all types of funds“Willing to come, retain, and develop well.”.


Finally, I sincerely wish this forum a complete success!

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  经济学家和《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journal) 的一项数据分析显示,过去几年中国资本外逃规模似乎令 2015 年和 2016 年相形见绌,那时的中国正遭遇着上一轮房地产市场低迷,引发了以美元计价的最大的一波资本外流。 《华尔街日报》的统计显示,在截至今年 6 月底的四个季度里,可能有多达 2,540 亿美元的资金非法流出中国。这超过了近 10 年前的那波资本外逃,当时的资金外流曾引发人们对中国可能爆发金融危机的担忧。但对这类资金外流的估计本身并不精确,而且,由于现在中国整体经济规模比当时大得多,资本外逃占中国经济总量的比例似乎也小于当时。 一些没有被统计在内的资金可能包括滞留在海外的出口收入,这些资金没有被带回中国,而是留在海外享受更高的存款利率和投资机会。 即便如此,这种现象对中国决策者来说仍值得担忧。在中国官员专注于严格管理人民币汇率之际,资本外流加大了人民币的压力,不过中国政府近期为刺激经济而采取的措施正在提振人民币和中国股市,可能会促使人们暂时将更多资金留在中国。 大批资本逃离也突显出一个事实,那些有资源,有财力,能把资金带出国门的人,对中国经济的发展道路越来越没有信心。 心灰意冷的投资者 为了绕开政府管制,人们用上了各种老办法,比如将贵重物品运往海外,或是为进口商品支付过高的价格,这些办法屡试不爽,但依然要冒风险。还有一些人想出了新点子,比如将装载着加密货币的电脑硬盘运往其他司法辖区,并在那里兑换成现金。 造成资金外流的原因包括新冠疫情,政府对民营部门的打击,以及人们广泛担心中国的高速增长时代已经结束。 国际货币基金组织 (International Monetary Fund, 简称 IMF) 数据显示,到本十年末,中国经济增速预计将从目前的 5% 左右放缓至 3% 左右,而 2020 年以前的增长率接近 7%。据巴克莱 (Barclays) 估计,2021 年以来,中国史诗级的房地产市场崩盘估计已导致约 18 万亿美元的家庭财富灰飞烟灭。 尽管中国政府最近出台的刺激措施(包括承诺加大财政支出)可能在一定程度上提振今年的经济增长,但现在断言这些措施能否带动经济持续复苏为时过早。 从长远来看,中国面临劳动力老龄化和萎缩带来的严峻挑战,而在贸易、安全和技术等一系列问题上,中国与美国领导的西方世界也陷入冲突。 中国官员试图用被抓

2023年8月,中国资本外流 490 亿美元,创 2015 年以来之最

2023年8月,中国资本外流 490 亿美元,创 2015 年以来之最,因为经济萎靡迫使投资者纷纷撤离。 彭博社汇编的国家外汇管理局数据显示,其中290亿美元流出证券投资。 上个月,外国投资者抛售了 120 亿美元的内地上市股票,创下历史新高,同时还抛售了中国债券。8 月份还出现了 168 亿美元的直接投资逆差,为 2016 年以来最严重的一次。 据彭博社报道,旅游旺季也使资本账户的下降更为严重,出境游给中国的服务业造成了损失。由于中国的入境游尚未恢复到以前的水平,服务贸易继续出现逆差。 中国上一次面临如此规模的资金外流是在 2015 年市场因货币意外贬值而陷入困境的时候。 在当前资本外流的情况下,中国政府采取了一些措施来支撑人民币,比如削减银行必须持有的外汇数量。   尽管如此,中国的离岸人民币(即在国外市场使用的自由流通货币)仍出现了大幅下跌。出口疲软和美国收益率日益增长的吸引力也助推人民币在 9 月份跌至 16 个月来的最低点。

中国股市迎来牛市,投资者该买哪些股票?

WSJ: 短短10天,中国股市就从乏人问津变成了今年表现最佳的市场,香港金融服务公司Gavekal的负责人Louis-Vincent Gave认为中国牛市已开启。 周三上午,iShares安硕MSCI中国ETF上涨6%,至55.67美元。过去两周,该基金累计上涨35%,此前中国政府各部门协同推出了一系列措施来稳定经济,包括进一步降息,对六家最大银行进行资本重组以应对房地产危机导致的债务上升压力,以及承诺推出更多刺激措施。 部分刺激措施的规模和范围细节尚未披露,因此未来几周市场可能会出现一些波动,具体取决于中国政府公布的信息。尽管中国经济仍面临结构性挑战,家庭和企业信心遭受重创可能需要一段时间才能恢复,但投资者往往会在情况从极度糟糕变成只是糟糕时赚得盆满钵满,尤其是在大多数人此前出于地缘政治和经济担忧而避开中国市场的情况下。中国政府现在至少表现出了要解决国内经济问题的意图,这是一个值得注意的转变。“我们看到(投资者的)看法发生了变化,”资深亚洲观察人士Gave在一个网络研讨会上表示。“中国已经进入牛市。当牛市启动时,它们会自行加强势头。” 中国市场容易出现五年一次的牛熊交替周期,牛市期间通常会有100%的涨幅,Gave认为最近的上涨就是这样一个周期的开始。在这种势头的背后,是股市背景的180度大转弯,从一系列指标看,中国股票都被严重低估。糟糕的势头、政策逆风和人民币疲软等许多负面因素都已逆转。 “你现在不投资,什么时候投资?”Gave说。“股价低,势头好,现在政府又助一臂之力。这构成三重有利局面。” Gave之所以感到乐观,部分源于美联储在中国政府采取刺激行动之前就已降息。这一转变改变了汇率动态,也改变了许多中国企业家和其他人在香港或其他地方持有美元的理由。 那些在香港持有美元、在美联储降息前赚取5%利息的人,换算成人民币的回报率曾接近8%至10%,因为人民币此前一直在贬值。但由于美联储降息,上述计算已发生足够大的变化,这些投资者现在正寻找其他地方投资,比如中国股市——如果不在内地,就在香港。这种买盘为中国股市的暴涨提供了一定助力。 Gave表示,近年来,中国政府决定整顿房地产市场和民营部门,虽然一些人认为这样的行动是政策失误,但这原本可能是解决中国自身弱点的一项更广泛计划的一部分。他指出,随着美中关系恶化,中国债务水平不断上升,社会不平等加剧,还有对西方存在过度依赖