揭开哈瓦那综合症：新证据将 GRU 的暗杀部队 29155 与对美国官员及其家人的神秘袭击联系起来

来源：https://theins.press/en/politics/270425

Tbilisi 第比利斯

He was tall, certainly taller than Joy’s neighbors and the Georgians she’d come to know in eight months of living in Dighomi, an upscale residential community in Tbilisi. He was young and thin and blonde and well-dressed — as if headed to the theater, or perhaps a wedding.

他身材高大，当然比乔伊的邻居和她在第比利斯高档住宅区迪戈米（Dighomi）生活八个月时认识的格鲁吉亚人还要高。他年轻、瘦弱、金发碧眼、衣着考究——仿佛要去剧院，或者去参加婚礼。

Minutes earlier on October 7, 2021, Joy, an American nurse and the wife of a U.S. Embassy official, had been taking her laundry out of the dryer when she was completely consumed by an acute ringing sound that reminded her of what someone in the movies experiences after a bomb has gone off. “It just pierced my ears, came in my left side, felt like it came through the window, into my left ear,” Joy remembers. “I immediately felt fullness in my head, and just a piercing headache.” She ran out of the laundry room on the second floor of her house and into the bathroom adjoining the master bedroom. Then she vomited.

几分钟前的2021年10月7日，美国护士、美国大使馆官员的妻子乔伊（Joy）正在从烘干机中取出衣物时，被一阵尖锐的铃声完全吞噬，这让她想起了电影中炸弹爆炸后的经历。 “它只是刺穿了我的耳朵， 从我的左侧进来，感觉就像它从窗户进来，进入我的左耳，“乔伊回忆道。“我立刻感到脑袋胀，头痛欲裂。”她跑出家二楼的洗衣房，跑进了与主卧室相邻的浴室。然后她呕吐了。

Joy and her husband, Hunter, a Justice Department attaché in the U.S. Embassy in Tbilisi, had only arrived in Georgia in Feb. 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 lockdown. Despite the “all-consuming” noise in her head, Joy called Hunter. (Both their names have been changed for this article to protect their identities.) As the spouse of a U.S. official serving abroad, she’d undergone overseas survival training and remembered that if something didn’t feel right, the first thing you do is “get off the X” – leave the location. Joy checked the house’s security camera at the front door to see if anyone was outside.

乔伊和她的丈夫亨特是美国驻第比利斯大使馆的司法部随员，他们于2020年2月才抵达格鲁吉亚，当时正值COVID-19封锁期间。尽管她脑子里充满了“无所不包”的噪音，乔伊还是给亨特打了电话。（本文中两人均为化名，以保护其身份。作为一位在国外任职的美国官员的配偶，她接受过海外生存训练，并记得如果感觉不对劲，你要做的第一件事就是“离开X”——离开该地点。乔伊检查了前门的房子的安全摄像头，看看外面是否有人。

A black Mercedes crossover was parked just beyond the gate of her property, directly opposite her laundry room. Joy went outside, and that’s when she saw the tall, thin man. She raised her phone to photograph him.

一辆黑色奔驰跨界车停在她家门口，正对着她的洗衣房。乔伊走到外面，就在这时，她看到了那个又高又瘦的男人。她举起手机给他拍照。

“It was like he locked eyes with me. He knew what I was doing.” Then he got into the Mercedes, and it drove off. Joy took a picture of the car and its license plate as it pulled away. She says she didn’t see the man again until three years later, when she was shown a photograph of Albert Averyanov, a Russian operative attached to Unit 29155, a notorious assassination and sabotage squad of the GRU, Moscow’s military intelligence service.

“就像他盯着我一样。他知道我在做什么。然后他上了梅赛德斯，它开走了。乔伊在汽车驶离时拍了一张照片和车牌。她说，直到三年后，她才再次见到这名男子，当时她看到了一张隶属于29155部队的俄罗斯特工阿尔伯特·阿维里亚诺夫（Albert Averyanov）的照片，该部队是莫斯科军事情报机构GRU臭名昭著的暗杀和破坏小组。

Andrey Averyanov, founding commander of GRU Unit 29155

安德烈·阿维里亚诺夫（Andrey Averyanov），GRU 29155部队的创始指挥官

Screenshot of The Insider video interview with Christo Grozev

The Insider 对 Christo Grozev 的视频采访截图

Albert is not an ordinary Russian spy. Aged only 23 when this encounter took place, he was the son of the founding commander of Unit 29155, Gen. Andrei Averyanov, 56, who is now the powerful deputy director of the GRU, tasked with running the Kremlin’s foreign policy in Africa. To the public, he was a fresh graduate of Moscow State University, where he had earned a masters’ in “management of migration processes,” a topic in which his father took a keen interest. Even within the nepotistic GRU, Albert’s trajectory was unusually steep — a young cadet who was being groomed for a bright career in espionage. In 2019, only 20, he’d even interned in Geneva with the rezidentura of Unit 29155, disguising his visit to the international Swiss capital as legions of other Russian intelligence officers have: as an English language-learning trip. Such was Andrey’s desire to see his son follow in his footsteps that the GRU had to ignore its own rules of recruitment, which mandate officers blend in with their surroundings. As a 6’2” young blonde, Albert was conspicuous in any crowd, let alone a tony suburb of Tbilisi.

阿尔伯特不是普通的俄罗斯间谍。这次相遇时，他只有23岁，是29155部队创始指挥官安德烈·阿维里亚诺夫将军的儿子，现年56岁，他现在是GRU的强大副主任，负责管理克里姆林宫在非洲的外交政策。在公众看来，他是莫斯科国立大学的应届毕业生，在那里他获得了“移民过程管理”的硕士学位，他的父亲对这个话题非常感兴趣。即使在裙带关系的格鲁乌，阿尔伯特的轨迹也异常陡峭——他是一名年轻的学员，正在为间谍事业的光明职业而培养。2019 年，年仅 20 岁的他甚至在日内瓦与 29155 部队的 rezidentura 一起实习，伪装成他对瑞士国际首都的访问，就像其他俄罗斯情报官员一样：作为英语学习之旅。安德烈希望看到他的儿子追随他的脚步，以至于GRU不得不无视自己的招募规则，这些规则要求军官与周围环境融为一体。作为一个 6 英尺 2 英寸的年轻金发女郎，阿尔伯特在任何人群中都很显眼，更不用说第比利斯的托尼郊区了。

When Joy saw Albert’s face three years later, she had a “visceral” reaction. “I can absolutely say that this looks like the man that I saw in the street.”

三年后，当乔伊看到艾伯特的脸时，她有一种“本能”的反应。“我可以绝对地说，这看起来像我在街上看到的那个人。

'Non-lethal Acoustic Weapons'

“非致命声学武器”

A yearlong investigation by The Insider, in collaboration with 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel, has uncovered evidence suggesting that unexplained anonymous health incidents, also known as Havana Syndrome, may have their origin in the use of directed energy weapons wielded by members of Unit 29155.

The Insider 与 60 Minutes 和 Der Spiegel 合作进行了为期一年的调查，发现证据表明无法解释的匿名健康事件（也称为哈瓦那综合症）可能起源于 29155 部队成员使用的定向能武器。

Among this investigation’s core findings is the fact that senior members of the unit received awards and political promotions for work related to the development of “non-lethal acoustic weapons,” a term used in Russian military-scientific literature to describe both sound- and radiofrequency-based directed energy devices, as both would result in acoustic artifacts in the victim’s brain.

这项调查的核心发现之一是，该部门的高级成员因与开发“非致命声学武器”有关的工作而获得奖励和政治晋升，“非致命声学武器”是俄罗斯军事科学文献中用于描述基于声音和射频的定向能设备的术语，因为两者都会导致受害者大脑中的声学伪影。

These and other operatives attached to Unit 29155, traveling undercover, have been geolocated to places around the world just before or at the time of reported anomalous health incidents — or AHIs, as the U.S. government formally refers to Havana Syndrome. Furthermore, Joy is not the only victim to identify a known member of this Russian black ops squad lurking around her home.

这些特工和其他隶属于29155部队的特工，卧底旅行，在报告的异常健康事件发生之前或之时，已被地理定位到世界各地 - 或AHI，美国政府正式称为哈瓦那综合症。此外，乔伊并不是唯一一个发现潜伏在她家周围的俄罗斯黑色行动小队的已知成员的受害者。

The first sighting may have happened exactly seven years earlier. Contrary to the information that has been made public about Havana Syndrome — that it began in the eponymous Cuban capital in 2016 — there were likely attacks two years earlier in Frankfurt, Germany, when a U.S. government employee stationed at the consulate there was knocked unconscious by something akin to a strong energy beam. The victim was later diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury, and was also able to identify a Geneva-based Unit 29155 operative. (The incident occurred within months of Russia’s 2014 invasion of Ukraine, in which a stealthy, nearly bloodless seizure of the Crimean peninsula in Feb. and Mar. 2014 gave way to a roiling eight-year-long dirty war in the eastern industrial heartland of Donbas, close to Ukraine’s border with Russia.)

第一次目击可能发生在七年前。与哈瓦那综合症（2016年始于同名古巴首都）的公开信息相反，两年前在德国法兰克福可能发生了袭击事件，当时驻扎在那里领事馆的一名美国政府雇员被类似于强能量束的东西打昏了。受害者后来被诊断出患有创伤性脑损伤，并且还能够识别出一名位于日内瓦的29155部队特工。（这起事件发生在俄罗斯2014年入侵乌克兰后的几个月内，2014年2月和3月，俄罗斯入侵乌克兰，在靠近乌克兰与俄罗斯边境的东部工业中心顿巴斯，一场几乎不流血的秘密夺取，让位于一场长达八年的肮脏战争。

The Insider, 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel have uncovered documentary evidence that Unit 29155 has been experimenting with exactly the kind of weaponized technology experts suggest is a plausible cause for the mysterious medical condition that has to date affected over a hundred far-flung U.S. spies and diplomats, as well as several Canadian officials. Many are seasoned subject matter specialists on Russia, fluent in the language; others have expertise in different fields, such as the Middle East or Latin America, but were assigned after the takeover of Crimea to sensitive U.S. government roles aimed at countermanning Russian aggression and intelligence operations across Europe and North America.

《内幕》（The Insider）、《60分钟》（60 Minutes）和《明镜周刊》（Der Spiegel）发现了文件证据，证明29155部队一直在试验专家认为的那种武器化技术，这是迄今为止影响过一百多名美国间谍和外交官以及几名加拿大官员的神秘医疗状况的合理原因。许多人是经验丰富的俄语主题专家，精通俄语;其他人则在中东或拉丁美洲等不同领域拥有专业知识，但在克里米亚被接管后被分配到美国政府的敏感角色，旨在对抗俄罗斯在欧洲和北美的侵略和情报行动。

Unit 29155, moreover, is infamous within the U.S. intelligence community. “Their scope is global for conducting lethal operations and acts of sabotage,” a former high-ranking CIA officer with subject matter expertise in Russia told The Insider. “Their mission is to find, fix, and finish, all in support of Vladimir Putin’s imperial dreams.”

此外，29155部队在美国情报界臭名昭著。“他们的范围是全球性的，可以进行致命的行动和破坏行为，”一位在俄罗斯具有主题专业知识的前中央情报局高级官员告诉The Insider。“他们的任务是寻找、修复和完成，所有这些都是为了支持弗拉基米尔·普京的帝国梦想。”

“Unit 29155's scope is global for conducting lethal operations and acts of sabotage. Their mission is to find, fix, and finish, all in support of Vladimir Putin’s imperial dreams.”

“29155部队的范围是全球性的，可以进行致命行动和破坏行为。他们的任务是寻找、修复和完成，所有这些都是为了支持弗拉基米尔·普京的帝国梦想。

Originally conceived as a training unit within the GRU, it was reorganized and expanded in 2008 as an operations team devoted to assassination, sabotage, and political destabilization campaigns across the world. Three members of this unit, Col. Alexander Mishkin, Col. Anatoliy Chepiga and Maj. Gen. Denis Sergeev, were responsible for poisoning British double agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia with the military-grade nerve agent Novichok in Salisbury, England in 2018. In 2015, Denis Sergeev and other unit members twice poisoned Bulgarian arms dealer Emilian Gebrev with a similar organophosphate weapon, almost certainly because Gebrev’s company, EMCO, was selling ammunition to Georgia and Ukraine, two countries that had recently been at war with Russia. Unit 29155 also used Serbian mercenaries to orchestrate a failed coup in Montenegro on the eve of that nation’s accession to NATO in 2016. As The Insider was the first to report, the unit was responsible for a series of explosions at ammunition and weapons depots across Bulgaria and Czechia — explosions which began in 2011, two years after Unit 29155’s reconstitution as a black ops squad and right in the middle of the Obama administration’s “reset” with Moscow. (These operations injured or killed dozens of innocent bystanders; their exposures have led to the expulsion of 19 Russian diplomats from Sofia and Prague, respectively, as well as indictments by the Bulgarian government of all the Unit 29155 saboteurs implicated in bombings in that country.) More recently, members of the unit were deployed as an advanced sabotage-and-kill team in Ukraine in the days ahead of Russia’s full-scale invasion of the country, in late Feb. 2022.

它最初被设想为GRU内部的一个培训单位，于2008年重组和扩大为一个致力于暗杀，破坏和政治破坏运动的行动团队。该部队的三名成员亚历山大·米什金上校、阿纳托利·切皮加上校和丹尼斯·谢尔盖耶夫少将于 2018 年在英国索尔兹伯里用军用级神经毒剂诺维乔克毒害了英国双重间谍谢尔盖·斯克里帕尔和他的女儿尤利娅。2015年，丹尼斯·谢尔盖耶夫（Denis Sergeev）和其他部队成员两次用类似的有机磷武器毒害了保加利亚军火商埃米利安·格布雷夫（Emilian Gebrev），几乎可以肯定是因为格布雷夫的公司EMCO正在向格鲁吉亚和乌克兰出售弹药，这两个国家最近与俄罗斯交战。29155部队还利用塞尔维亚雇佣军在2016年黑山加入北约前夕策划了一场失败的政变。正如 The Insider 率先报道的那样，该部队对保加利亚和捷克的弹药库和武器库的一系列爆炸负责——爆炸始于 2011 年，即 29155 部队重组为黑色行动小队的两年后，正好在奥巴马政府与莫斯科“重置”的中间。（这些行动造成数十名无辜旁观者受伤或死亡;他们的暴露分别导致19名俄罗斯外交官被驱逐出索非亚和布拉格，以及保加利亚政府起诉所有参与该国爆炸事件的29155部队破坏者。最近，在 2022 年 2 月下旬俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰之前的几天里，该部队的成员被部署为一支先进的破坏和杀戮小组。

Unlike other teams within Russia’s sprawling intelligence apparatus, this one doesn’t spy on people, at least not for the sake of gathering information. It is devoted exclusively to so-called kinetic — i.e. violent — military operations. Its predecessor and analog was the Soviet KGB’s department devoted to “special tasks,” which conducted assassinations and acts of terrorism abroad. Its most sinister spadework included killing Ukrainian nationalists in Europe with bombs and cyanide guns and plunging an ice-axe into the skull of exiled revolutionary Leon Trotsky in Mexico in 1940.

与俄罗斯庞大的情报机构中的其他团队不同，这个团队不会监视人们，至少不是为了收集信息。它专门用于所谓的动能——即暴力——军事行动。它的前身和类似部门是苏联克格勃的部门，该部门致力于“特殊任务”，在国外进行暗杀和恐怖主义行为。它最险恶的锹头包括用炸弹和氰化物枪杀死欧洲的乌克兰民族主义者，以及 1940 年在墨西哥将冰镐插入流亡革命者列昂·托洛茨基的头骨。

Havana Syndrome, itself long thought to be the accrued biological effect caused by a different kind of unique weapon, encompasses a variation of symptoms including: chronic headaches, vertigo, tinnitus, insomnia, nausea, lasting psychophysiological impairment, and, in some cases, blindness or hearing loss. Many victims have said they were fine one minute, then stricken with an intense pain or pressure in their skull the next — usually localized to one side of the head, as if they were caught in a beam of concentrated energy. A good number have been diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injuries. Others have suffered such severe long-term cognitive and vestibular aftereffects that they can no longer function on a day-to-day basis and have been medically retired from government service.

哈瓦那综合症本身长期以来一直被认为是由另一种独特武器引起的累积生物学效应，包括各种症状，包括：慢性头痛、眩晕、耳鸣、失眠、恶心、持久的心理生理障碍，在某些情况下，失明或听力损失。许多受害者说，他们前一分钟还好好的，下一分钟就感到头骨剧烈疼痛或压力——通常局限于头部的一侧，就好像他们被一束集中的能量所吸引。很多人被诊断出患有轻度创伤性脑损伤。其他人则遭受了如此严重的长期认知和前庭后遗症，以至于他们无法再进行日常工作，并已从政府服务部门退休。

Joy has suffered from headaches every day for the past three years. She has also undergone two surgeries for semicircular canal dehiscence (the appearance of holes in the bony walls that encase her inner ears). She will need a third surgery to address the rapid deterioration of her temporal bone, a condition she says her neurosurgeon cannot explain.

在过去的三年里，乔伊每天都头痛。她还接受了两次半规管裂开手术（包裹内耳的骨壁上出现孔洞）。她将需要第三次手术来解决她的颞骨迅速恶化的问题，她说她的神经外科医生无法解释这种情况。

Havana Syndrome first gained public attention in 2017 in connection with strange ailments affecting more than twenty CIA and State Department officials posted to Cuba in the wake of revivified diplomatic relations between the Obama administration and the government headed by Fidel Castro’s brother Raúl.

哈瓦那综合症于2017年首次引起公众关注，原因是在奥巴马政府与菲德尔·卡斯特罗的兄弟劳尔领导的政府恢复外交关系后，影响了20多名中央情报局和国务院派驻古巴的官员。

Havana Syndrome first gained public attention in 2017 in connection with strange ailments affecting more than twenty CIA and State Department officials posted to Cuba in the wake of revivified diplomatic relations between the Obama administration and the government headed by Fidel Castro’s brother Raúl. The cases were recorded in Havana between May 2016 and September 2017, when the Trump administration radically reduced the State Department’s presence on the Caribbean island and the CIA withdrew all of its personnel from the reopened U.S. Embassy there. But few in the intelligence community believed the Cubans were behind the phenomenon. Given Moscow’s outsize influence on the Communist-run nation, the prevailing theory was that the Russians had carried out the attacks as part of an effort to hamper the U.S.-Cuban rapprochement.

哈瓦那综合症于2017年首次引起公众关注，原因是在奥巴马政府与菲德尔·卡斯特罗的兄弟劳尔领导的政府恢复外交关系后，影响了20多名中央情报局和国务院派驻古巴的官员。这些案件是在2016年5月至2017年9月期间在哈瓦那记录的，当时特朗普政府从根本上减少了国务院在加勒比海岛国的存在，中央情报局从重新开放的美国大使馆撤出了所有人员。但情报界很少有人相信古巴人是这一现象的幕后黑手。鉴于莫斯科对这个共产党统治的国家的巨大影响，普遍的理论是俄罗斯人发动袭击是为了阻碍美国与古巴的和解。

Well over 100 AHI cases have been cited worldwide, affecting American spies, diplomats, military officers, contractors, and, in some instances, their spouses, children, and even household pets. Medically confirmed symptoms have been reported as far afield as Guangzhou, China, and as close to home as Washington, D.C. One victim was a senior official in the Trump-era National Security Council who became temporarily asphasic and whose body went numb right outside the Eisenhower Executive Building in mid-November 2020. Another was CIA Director Bill Burns’s then-deputy chief of staff, who was hit in Delhi in September 2021, causing Burns to cut short official visits to India and Pakistan. That same year, the Biden Administration signed into law the Havana Act, which provides six-figure compensation for confirmed victims of AHIs.

全世界已经引用了 100 多起 AHI 案件，影响到美国间谍、外交官、军官、承包商，在某些情况下，还影响到他们的配偶、孩子，甚至家庭宠物。远至中国广州，近至华盛顿特区，均有医学确诊症状。其中一名受害者是特朗普时代国家安全委员会的一名高级官员，他于2020年11月中旬在艾森豪威尔行政大楼外暂时变得精神错乱，身体麻木。另一位是中央情报局局长比尔·伯恩斯（Bill Burns）当时的副幕僚长，他于2021年9月在德里遭到袭击，导致伯恩斯缩短了对印度和巴基斯坦的正式访问。同年，拜登政府签署了《哈瓦那法案》，该法案为已确认的AHI受害者提供六位数的赔偿。

There is a reason why the Havana Act only came into force in 2021: for the past eight years, Havana Syndrome has been the subject of intense controversy. Sociologists have suggested it is little more than a mass psychogenic illness, or perhaps the outbreak of mass hysteria. Such arguments have been undercut by multiple medical studies, including one conducted by an expert panel convened by the U.S. intelligence community. The final assessment of that investigation found that AHIs had “a unique combination of core characteristics that cannot be explained by known environmental or medical conditions and could be due to external stimuli.” Nevertheless, in Mar. 2023, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) issued a redacted report stating that it was “very unlikely” that AHIs were caused by a foreign adversary. This assessment has sent shockwaves among the hundreds of former and current intelligence officers and their family members who believe they have suffered significant and often irreversible health consequences at the hands of an enemy force. As a result, many of these victims feel betrayed by their government for neglecting to identify the culprit for their predicament.

《哈瓦那法案》在2021年才生效是有原因的：在过去的八年里，哈瓦那综合症一直是激烈争议的主题。社会学家认为，这只不过是一种大规模的心因性疾病，或者可能是大规模歇斯底里的爆发。这些论点已被多项医学研究所削弱，其中包括由美国情报界召集的专家小组进行的一项研究。该调查的最终评估发现，AHI具有“核心特征的独特组合，无法用已知的环境或医疗条件来解释，可能是由于外部刺激。尽管如此，2023 年 3 月，美国国家情报总监办公室 （ODNI） 发布了一份经过编辑的报告，指出 AHI “极不可能”是由外国对手引起的。这一评估在数百名前任和现任情报官员及其家人中引起了震动，他们认为他们在敌军手中遭受了重大且往往是不可逆转的健康后果。结果，这些受害者中的许多人感到被政府背叛了，因为他们忽视了找出造成他们困境的罪魁祸首。

The Insider and its investigative partners have uncovered new evidence — in the form of intercepted Russian intelligence documents, travel logs, and call metadata, along with eyewitness testimony — the totality of which challenges the assessment made by the ODNI. Adam, a pseudonym adopted by Patient Zero, the first CIA officer to be stricken with Havana Syndrome in Cuba, told The Insider, “What this long-term investigation has shown is that either the intelligence community is incapable of carrying out its most basic function, or it has worked to cover up the facts and gaslight injured employees and the public.”

The Insider 及其调查合作伙伴发现了新的证据——以截获的俄罗斯情报文件、旅行日志和通话元数据以及目击者证词的形式——这些证据的全部内容对 ODNI 的评估提出了质疑。亚当是第一位在古巴患上哈瓦那综合症的中央情报局官员零号病人的化名，他告诉内幕人士，“这项长期调查表明，情报界要么无法履行其最基本的职能，要么它一直在努力掩盖事实并点燃伤害雇员和公众。

Greg Edgreen, a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army, set up the working group investigating Havana Syndrome for the Defense Intelligence Agency, or DIA, from 2020 to 2023. The role gave him access to classified intelligence compiled not just by the Pentagon, but by other agencies within the U.S. intelligence community. In response to this investigation, Edgreen told 60 Minutes: “If I'm wrong about Russia being behind anomalous health incidents, I will come onto your show. And I will eat my tie.”

美国陆军中校格雷格·埃德格林 （Greg Edgreen） 于 2020 年至 2023 年为国防情报局 （DIA） 成立了调查哈瓦那综合症的工作组。这个角色使他不仅可以接触到五角大楼的机密情报，还可以接触到美国情报界其他机构收集的机密情报。作为对这项调查的回应，埃德格林告诉《60分钟》：“如果我对俄罗斯是异常健康事件的幕后黑手的看法是错误的，我会参加你的节目。我要吃掉我的领带。

The House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence is currently investigating how U.S. spy agencies reached their nothing-to-see-here assessment in March 2023. Given the DIA working group’s contribution to the ODNI report, which acknowledges varying levels of confidence reached by different agencies, Edgreen’s unambiguous attribution of culpability to Moscow should raise eyebrows in the U.S. intelligence community and in Congress. Another organization said to be skeptical that a foreign adversary is not behind Havana Syndrome is the National Security Agency, which deals in signals intelligence, or intercepted communications.

众议院常设情报特别委员会目前正在调查美国间谍机构如何在 2023 年 3 月达成他们无所事事的评估。鉴于DIA工作组对ODNI报告的贡献，该报告承认不同机构达成的不同程度的信心，埃德格林明确地将罪责归咎于莫斯科应该引起美国情报界和国会的注意。另一个据说怀疑外国对手不是哈瓦那综合症幕后黑手的组织是国家安全局，该机构负责处理信号情报或截获的通信。

The Son Also Rises 儿子也复活了

Joy’s identification of Albert Averyanov outside her home in Tbilisi is backed up by two U.S. government officials who told 60 Minutes that the Russian operative was indeed in the Georgian capital around the time of her attack.

乔伊在第比利斯的家外认出阿尔伯特·阿维里亚诺夫得到了两名美国政府官员的支持，他们告诉《60分钟》，这名俄罗斯特工在她袭击发生时确实在格鲁吉亚首都。

Just a few short years before his graduation from Moscow State University in 2019, Albert was already being groomed by his father at 16 to take over Unit 29155. Albert unofficially “trained” in Geneva under the supervision of Col. Egor Gordienko, 45, who was then stationed in the city under diplomatic cover as Russia’s second trade representative at the World Trade Organization. Following his apprenticeship, Albert became an active member of Unit 29155, as evidenced by call data The Insider, 60 Minutes, and Der Spiegel obtained demonstrating his constant communication with other operatives from the group, as well as travel records showing his joint trips with known 29155 officers.

就在2019年从莫斯科国立大学毕业前的短短几年里，阿尔伯特在16岁时就已经被父亲培养接管了29155部队。阿尔伯特在45岁的叶戈尔·戈尔迪延科上校的监督下在日内瓦非正式地“训练”，后者当时在外交掩护下驻扎在该市，担任俄罗斯在世界贸易组织的第二位贸易代表。学徒期满后，艾伯特成为29155部队的活跃成员，《内幕报》、《60分钟》和《明镜周刊》获得的通话数据证明了这一点，这些数据证明了他与该组织其他特工的持续交流，以及显示他与已知的29155名军官的联合旅行的旅行记录。

A childhood photo of Albert Averyanov, posted on his now-defunct VKontakte social media account

For a GRU operative, Albert lives a remarkably open life on social media. He plays basketball and soccer and travels by plane around the world under his legal name, posting updates of his game history with the Moscow-based amateur Evian soccer club (zero goals in 60 matches), and photos of himself with his girlfriend, Nastya, on joyrides in his Mercedes-Benz ML/GLE. But as has already been noted, Albert’s travels haven’t always been of the touristy kind. Leaked airline data shows that some of his most eyebrow-raising flights are booked by Unit 29155’s human resources department.

作为一名GRU特工，阿尔伯特在社交媒体上过着非常开放的生活。他打篮球和踢足球，并以他的法定姓名乘飞机环游世界，发布他在莫斯科业余依云足球俱乐部的比赛历史更新（60场比赛零进球），以及他与女友Nastya的照片，在他的梅赛德斯-奔驰ML / GLE的兜风中。但正如已经指出的那样，阿尔伯特的旅行并不总是旅游型的。泄露的航空公司数据显示，他最引人注目的一些航班是由29155部队的人力资源部门预订的。

For example, both Albert and his father Andrey Averyanov left Moscow on September 30, 2021, eight days before Joy spotted the person she believes was Averyanov the younger outside her home in Tbilisi. Father and son flew to Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and only returned to Moscow eleven days later, on October 10. But Tashkent was not their final destination.

例如，阿尔伯特和他的父亲安德烈·阿维里亚诺夫（Andrey Averyanov）都于2021年9月30日离开莫斯科，八天后乔伊在第比利斯的家外发现了她认为是小阿维里亚诺夫的人。父子俩飞往乌兹别克斯坦塔什干，11天后，即10月10日才返回莫斯科。但塔什干并不是他们的最终目的地。

Andrey turned off his phone in the Russian capital and never switched it back on until he had landed on October 10, calling his driver from the airport. Albert took his with him and did not immediately switch it off. He received a call from an unidentified Uzbek number at 8:04 a.m. on October 1, the morning after he and Andrey had arrived in Tashkent. Albert’s phone was then turned off. Thirty-six minutes later, at 8:40 a.m., a flight took off from Tashkent to Tbilisi. (There were no direct flights between Russia and the Georgian capital in 2021, owing to a diplomatic spat between the two countries, and members of Unit 29155 anyway use decoy transit destinations to avoid being traced to a particular attack or incident, as The Insider has as previously reported.)

安德烈在俄罗斯首都关掉了手机，直到10月10日降落后才重新开机，从机场打电话给司机。艾伯特随身携带，并没有立即关掉它。10月1日上午8点04分，也就是他和安德烈抵达塔什干的第二天早上，他接到了一个身份不明的乌兹别克号码打来的电话。然后，艾伯特的手机关机了。36分钟后，上午8时40分，一架航班从塔什干飞往第比利斯。（2021 年，由于两国之间的外交争吵，俄罗斯和格鲁吉亚首都之间没有直飞航班，正如 The Insider 之前报道的那样，29155 部队的成员无论如何都使用诱饵过境目的地来避免被追踪到特定的袭击或事件。

Over the next ten days, Albert’s phone remained off, meaning that its geolocation metadata for this period cannot be obtained. What is visible is that the phone was roaming, and Albert’s cellular plan did not allow for him to receive incoming calls or connect to the internet. However, on the evening of October 9, the eve of the father-son duo’s return trip from Tashkent to Moscow, Albert evidently turned his phone back on because he received an automated message from his mobile operator, Beeline, welcoming him to Uzbekistan. That message indicates that Albert had been outside the country in the preceding days, and had only re-entered Uzbekistan on the day before his onward trip to Moscow.

在接下来的十天里，艾伯特的手机一直处于关机状态，这意味着无法获得这段时间的地理位置元数据。可见的是，手机正在漫游，而阿尔伯特的蜂窝计划不允许他接听来电或连接到互联网。然而，在10月9日晚上，也就是父子二人从塔什干返回莫斯科的前夕，阿尔伯特显然重新打开了手机，因为他收到了移动运营商Beeline的自动消息，欢迎他来到乌兹别克斯坦。该消息表明，阿尔伯特在前几天一直在国外，直到他前往莫斯科的前一天才重新进入乌兹别克斯坦。

When The Insider telephoned Albert to ask if he was in Tbilisi at the time of the alleged attacks on U.S. diplomats and their families, he listened to the question, then over-excitedly asked who was on the other end of the line. “Stop, stop, who’s calling me?” When told it was the editor-in-chief of The Insider, he immediately hung up.

当《内幕》打电话给阿尔伯特，询问他在据称袭击美国外交官及其家人时是否在第比利斯时，他听了这个问题，然后过于兴奋地问谁在电话的另一端。“停下，停下，谁在叫我？”当被告知这是《内幕》的主编时，他立即挂断了电话。

The Frankfurt Attacks 法兰克福袭击事件

Seven years earlier and almost two thousand miles to the West, in November 2014 in Frankfurt, Germany, two separate attacks had occurred one after the other, according to multiple sources. One of those sources, Mark Lenzi, 49, is a current State Department official.

据多个消息来源称，七年前，在向西近两千英里的2014年11月，在德国法兰克福，发生了两起独立的袭击事件。其中一位消息人士，49岁的马克·伦齐（Mark Lenzi）是现任国务院官员。

Lenzi, his wife, son, and daughter, were all medevaced from Guangzhou, China in early June 2018 after they each failed brain injury tests. According to Lenzi, he and his family have been compensated by the U.S. government with “more than a million dollars because of our diagnosed traumatic brain injuries” in a combination of civil litigation settlements and Havana Act payments. In November 2014, Lenzi was working in the U.S. Consulate in Frankfurt as its regional security officer when his colleagues succumbed to the same health incident that he and his household would experience years later on another continent.

2018年6月初，伦齐、他的妻子、儿子和女儿在脑损伤测试失败后，都从中国广州被救出。根据伦齐的说法，他和他的家人已经得到了美国政府的赔偿，“由于我们诊断出的创伤性脑损伤超过一百万美元”，包括民事诉讼和解和《哈瓦那法案》的付款。2014 年 11 月，Lenzi 在美国驻法兰克福领事馆担任区域安全官员时，他的同事们死于多年后他和他的家人在另一个大陆经历的相同健康事件。

“The 2014 Frankfurt attacks were always key in that they came before the Cuba and China hits and should have received the most attention from the U.S. Government.”

“2014年法兰克福袭击事件始终是关键，因为它们发生在古巴和中国袭击之前，应该受到美国政府的最大关注。

“The 2014 Frankfurt attacks were always key in that they came before the Cuba and China hits and should have received the most attention from the U.S. Government,” Lenzi told The Insider, 60 Minutes, and Der Spiegel.

“2014年法兰克福袭击事件一直是关键，因为它们发生在古巴和中国袭击之前，应该受到美国政府的最大关注，”伦齐告诉The Insider，60分钟和明镜周刊。

One victim, according to Lenzi and other sources, was a U.S. government employee at the consulate, whom The Insider will call Taylor. For Taylor, the symptoms began as an intense feeling of pressure, which started in the torso and radiated up to the head and neck. Then there was nausea, followed by a “high-pitched squeal.” Taylor raced to a bathroom to vomit before collapsing unconscious on the floor. At St. Marie Hospital, located within minutes of the consulate, Taylor was diagnosed by German doctors on November 4, 2014 with vestibular neuronitis, the sudden onset of vertigo, replete with nausea, vomiting, and a rise in blood pressure. Once back in the United States, Taylor was diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury.

根据伦齐和其他消息来源的说法，一名受害者是领事馆的一名美国政府雇员，内幕人士将称他为泰勒。对于泰勒来说，症状始于强烈的压力感，这种压力感从躯干开始，一直辐射到头部和颈部。然后是恶心，然后是“尖锐的尖叫声”。泰勒跑到浴室呕吐，然后倒在地板上失去知觉。2014 年 11 月 4 日，在距离领事馆仅几分钟路程的圣玛丽医院，泰勒被德国医生诊断为前庭神经元炎、突然发作的眩晕、恶心、呕吐和血压升高。回到美国后，泰勒被诊断出患有创伤性脑损伤。

In the weeks leading up to the attack, Taylor remembers confronting a tall, muscular man with a military bearing acting suspiciously across the road from the consulate residential complex. The unknown man was dressed in casual street clothes, and was pacing the length of a housing unit while inspecting and photographing parked vehicles with U.S. diplomatic plates. After a brief exchange with Taylor, the man responded with a strong Russian accent, shutting down the encounter and running off.

在袭击发生前的几周里，泰勒记得在领事馆住宅区的马路对面遇到一个身材高大、肌肉发达、带着军人气质的男人，他表现得很可疑。这名身份不明的男子穿着休闲的街头服装，在住宅单元的长度上踱步，同时检查和拍摄停放的带有美国外交牌照的车辆。在与泰勒进行了简短的交流后，这名男子用浓重的俄罗斯口音回应，结束了这次会面并跑开了。

Via a third party, The Insider, 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel was able to share with Taylor two photographs of Gordienko — later to become Albert Averyanov’s mentor — whom the investigative team has reason to believe had been in the Frankfurt area as part of an advance reconnaissance team just before the attack. One of the photographs was taken in 2015, the other in 2017. Taylor did not hesitate in confirming that Gordienko was the suspect skulking around outside U.S. consulate housing.

通过第三方，The Insider、60 Minutes 和 Der Spiegel 能够与泰勒分享两张戈尔迪延科的照片——后来成为阿尔伯特·阿维里亚诺夫的导师——调查小组有理由相信他在袭击发生前曾作为先遣侦察小组的一员在法兰克福地区。其中一张照片拍摄于2015年，另一张拍摄于2017年。泰勒毫不犹豫地证实，戈尔丁科就是在美国领事馆外偷偷摸摸的嫌疑人。

“Yes, that’s him,” Taylor said. “I’m getting goosebumps looking at him now.”

“是的，就是他，”泰勒说。“我现在看着他都起鸡皮疙瘩了。”

Egor Gordienko 叶戈尔·戈尔迪延科

Euromaidan and the New Era of Special Tasks

Euromaidan和特殊任务的新时代

2014 was a busy year for Unit 29155. In the last months of 2013, as street protests against Ukraine’s former president, Viktor Yanukovich, were reaching boiling point, several members of the unit had been dispatched under cover identities into Ukraine, arguably to thwart a pro-Western revolution. The spies' efforts had clearly failed in Ukraine, and they were redirected to disrupting or hurting Ukraine’s partners abroad.

2014年对29155部队来说是忙碌的一年。2013年最后几个月，随着针对乌克兰前总统维克多·亚努科维奇（Viktor Yanukovich）的街头抗议活动达到沸点，该部队的几名成员被秘密派往乌克兰，可以说是为了挫败一场亲西方的革命。间谍在乌克兰的努力显然失败了，他们被重新定向到破坏或伤害乌克兰的海外伙伴。

One team of the unit’s operatives, traveling under fake identities to and from Europe, infiltrated a Czech Ministry of Defense-controlled munitions storage facility in the town of Vrbětice in the southeastern Moravian region of Czechia. They planted explosives and blew up a consignment of artillery ammunition, owned by Emilian Gebrev’s EMCO and believed by the GRU to have been bound for Ukraine. That same year, another Unit 29155 team made repeat trips to and from Germany. For instance, on January 26, 2014, Maj. Gen. Denis Sergeev and Alexander Mishkin landed in Prague. From there, travel data obtained by The Insider, 60 Minutes, and Der Spiegel show they took the train to Munich, where, on January 30, they rented a car. Sergeev and Mishkin’s whereabouts were lost for the next 40 hours, but they did return their rental car the next evening in Munich. Then they returned by train to Prague. Sergeev and Mishkin flew back to Moscow on February 2.

该部队的一队特工以假身份往返欧洲，潜入捷克东南部摩拉维亚地区弗尔贝蒂采镇的捷克国防部控制的弹药储存设施。他们埋设了炸药并炸毁了一批火炮弹药，这些弹药由埃米利安·格布雷夫的 EMCO 拥有，并被 GRU 认为是运往乌克兰的。同年，另一支29155部队小组多次往返德国。例如，2014年1月26日，丹尼斯·谢尔盖耶夫少将和亚历山大·米什金降落在布拉格。从那里，The Insider、60 Minutes和Der Spiegel获得的旅行数据显示，他们乘坐火车前往慕尼黑，1月30日，他们在那里租了一辆车。谢尔盖耶夫和米什金在接下来的40个小时里失去了下落，但他们确实在第二天晚上在慕尼黑归还了他们的租车。然后他们乘火车返回布拉格。谢尔盖耶夫和米什金于2月2日飞回莫斯科。

As a rule, spies always leave misleading traces in their air travel, avoiding trips directly to their destination of interest, and sometimes investing hours — or even days — in diversionary travel by train or car.

通常，间谍总是在他们的航空旅行中留下误导性的痕迹，避免直接前往他们感兴趣的目的地，有时还会花费数小时甚至数天的时间乘坐火车或汽车进行转移性旅行。

The use of a sinuous route is part of the GRU’s operational tradecraft — a means of throwing off counterintelligence services with false trails. As a rule, spies always leave misleading traces in their air travel, avoiding trips directly to their destination of interest, and sometimes investing hours — or even days — in diversionary travel by train or car. Additional motivation for the Russian spies to enter the common European space via a country different than the target destination was linked to the fact they had been issued visas by different European countries; the agents anticipated lesser scrutiny at the border if they entered through the country that had issued their visa.

使用蜿蜒的路线是GRU行动技巧的一部分 - 一种用虚假线索甩掉反间谍服务的手段。通常，间谍总是在他们的航空旅行中留下误导性的痕迹，避免直接前往他们感兴趣的目的地，有时还会花费数小时甚至数天的时间乘坐火车或汽车进行转移性旅行。俄罗斯间谍通过与目标目的地不同的国家进入欧洲共同空间的另一个动机与他们已获得不同欧洲国家签发的签证有关;特工们预计，如果他们通过签发签证的国家入境，边境的审查会减少。

What were Sergeev and Mishkin doing in Germany? Neither conducts pure espionage for the GRU, as their later operational activity makes clear. A year later, Sergeev would serve as the operational commander of Unit 29155 who oversaw the Gebrev poisonings – he’s even filmed on CCTV in the parking garage of Gebrev’s EMCO office building in Sofia, evidently searching for the target’s vehicle where, Bulgarian authorities believe, an organophosphate chemical weapon similar to Novichok was laced on the driver’s side door handle. Still later, Sergeev established an operational headquarters at a low-rent hotel in Paddington, London, while Mishkin, along with his Unit 29155 accomplice Antaoly Chepiga, took a train to Salisbury to slather Novichok contained in a false Nina Ricci perfume bottle on the front door handle of 47 Christie Miller Road, home to Sergei Skripal. Their travel to Central Europe strongly indicates they were on a similar mission, or laying the groundwork for one, such as reconnoitering a target.

谢尔盖耶夫和米什金在德国做了什么？两人都没有为GRU进行纯粹的间谍活动，正如他们后来的行动活动所表明的那样。一年后，谢尔盖耶夫将担任 29155 部队的作战指挥官，负责监督 Gebrev 中毒事件——他甚至在 Gebrev 位于索非亚的 EMCO 办公楼的停车场的闭路电视上拍摄，显然是在寻找目标的车辆，保加利亚当局认为，驾驶员侧门把手上系着类似于 Novichok 的有机磷化学武器。再后来，谢尔盖耶夫在伦敦帕丁顿的一家廉租酒店建立了一个行动总部，而米什金和他的 29155 部队同伙安塔奥利·切皮加 （Antaoly Chepiga） 乘火车前往索尔兹伯里，在谢尔盖·斯克里帕尔 （Sergei Skripal） 的家克里斯蒂米勒路 47 号的前门把手上涂上装在假尼娜·里奇香水瓶中的诺维乔克。他们前往中欧的旅行强烈表明他们正在执行类似的任务，或者为一项任务奠定基础，例如侦察目标。

Making this assumption even more persuasive is the fact that in late September 2014, members of Unit 29155 – Sergeev included – began a series of staggered trips to Central and Western Europe, trips which typically signify the preparatory phase for a major sabotage or assassination operation.

2014年9月下旬，包括谢尔盖耶夫在内的29155部队成员开始了一系列交错的中欧和西欧之行，这些行径通常意味着重大破坏或暗杀行动的准备阶段。

On September 25, Sergeev flew from Moscow to Milan. Several months earlier he had obtained an Italian-issued multi-entry Schengen visa, affording him easy access, absent any border control checks, to, at that time, 26 European countries including Switzerland. Yet, he preferred to enter the common European space via the country that had issued him the visa. That same day, Col. Evgeny Kalinin, another member of the unit, flew to Budapest posing as a Russian diplomatic mail courier. He returned to Moscow two days later. Finally, Gordienko, the Unit 29155 operative Taylor later saw milling about U.S. consulting housing in Frankfurt, arrived in Paris from Moscow on a French-issued Schengen visa.

9月25，谢尔盖耶夫从莫斯科飞往米兰。几个月前，他获得了意大利签发的多次入境申根签证，这使他可以轻松进入当时包括瑞士在内的26个欧洲国家，而无需任何边境管制检查。然而，他更愿意通过向他签发签证的国家进入欧洲的共同空间。同一天，该部队的另一名成员叶夫根尼·加里宁上校冒充俄罗斯外交邮件快递员飞往布达佩斯。两天后，他回到了莫斯科。最后，29155部队特工泰勒（Taylor）的戈尔季延科（Gordienko）后来看到美国在法兰克福的咨询公司，持法国签发的申根签证从莫斯科抵达巴黎。

Gordienko and Sergeev took trains from their respective decoy destinations to the same place, Geneva, where they checked into the Nash Airport hotel on the evening of September 26. Whether they stayed there or not is unknown but, on October 6, they registered new rooms at the Geneva Airport Novotel Suites — rooms they kept, according to receipts examined by The Insider, 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel, until October 13.

戈尔季延科和谢尔盖耶夫从各自的诱饵目的地乘坐火车前往同一个地方日内瓦，并于 9 月 26 日晚上入住纳什机场酒店。他们是否住在那里不得而知，但10月6日，他们在日内瓦机场诺富特套房酒店注册了新房间——根据The Insider、60 Minutes和Der Spiegel检查的收据，这些房间一直保留到10月13日。

On September 27, the day after they checked into the Nash hotel, Gordienko rented a car from Sixt for five days. (A subsequent car rental on October 2 was canceled.) No further digital traces were left by him or Sergeev until their return to Moscow via separate routes on October 13.

9 月 27 日，也就是他们入住纳什酒店的第二天，Gordienko 从 Sixt 租了一辆车，为期五天。（随后10月2日的租车被取消。他或谢尔盖耶夫在10月13日通过不同的路线返回莫斯科之前没有留下进一步的数字痕迹。

But the timing of this trip is telling. It tracks with when Taylor saw Gordienko in Frankfurt, weeks before the attack. Once ensconced in a hotel near Geneva’s airport which they kept booked for a total of 18 days, Gordienko and Sergeev could have easily boarded flights to and from Frankfurt using fictitious identities, given they were in the Schengen zone and thus subject to no internal security checks (most European airlines do not check ID documents upon boarding for intra-Schengen destinations)

但这次旅行的时机很能说明问题。它追踪了泰勒在袭击发生前几周在法兰克福见到戈尔迪延科的时间。戈尔季延科和谢尔盖耶夫在日内瓦机场附近的一家酒店住了18天，他们本可以很容易地使用虚构的身份登上往返法兰克福的航班，因为他们在申根区，因此没有内部安全检查（大多数欧洲航空公司在登机时不会检查申根内部目的地的身份证件）

They weren’t the only GRU operatives flying to the region.

他们并不是唯一飞往该地区的GRU特工。

On October 11, a trio of seemingly unrelated Russian tourists began descending on Western Europe, all traveling under fake identities. All three were members of Unit 29155.

10月11日，三名看似无关的俄罗斯游客开始降落在西欧，他们都以假身份旅行。这三人都是29155部队的成员。

The most senior of them was Col. Ivan Terentiev, a deputy to unit commander Andrey Averyanov. Equipped with an Italian visa, Terentiev flew from Moscow to Milan. His aide, Lt. Col. Nikolay Ezhov, flew from Moscow to Vienna, also on October 11.

其中最高级的是伊万·捷伦季耶夫上校，他是部队指挥官安德烈·阿维里亚诺夫的副手。特伦季耶夫持有意大利签证，从莫斯科飞往米兰。他的助手尼古拉·埃佐夫中校也于10月11日从莫斯科飞往维也纳。

Three days later, on October 15, Terentiev and Ezhov were joined by a third colleague, Danil Kapralov, a member of Unit 29155 with a medical background. Kapralov flew to Amsterdam. But booking data obtained by The Insider, 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel shows that on 15 October he checked in to the Starling Hotel Residence in Geneva and paid 3,000 Swiss francs (about $3,300) for his room through November 3.

三天后，即10月15日，捷伦季耶夫和叶佐夫与第三位同事丹尼尔·卡普拉洛夫（Danil Kapralov）一起加入，他是29155部队的成员，具有医学背景。卡普拉洛夫飞往阿姆斯特丹。但《内幕》（The Insider）、《60分钟》（60 Minutes）和《明镜周刊》（Der Spiegel）获得的预订数据显示，他于10月15日入住日内瓦的Starling Hotel Residence，并在11月3日之前支付了3000瑞士法郎（约合3300美元）的房间费。

Whatever Terentiev, Ezhov and Kapralov were in Western Europe to do, they clearly had to be done by that date, as all three purchased return tickets back to Moscow, each traveling from the point of arrival in Europe.

无论捷伦季耶夫、叶佐夫和卡普拉洛夫在西欧做什么，他们显然都必须在那个日期之前完成，因为这三个人都购买了返回莫斯科的机票，每个人都从抵达欧洲的地点出发。

Taylor was knocked unconscious the next day, November 4.

第二天，即11月4日，泰勒被打昏了。

The Ghosts of Kyiv Station

基辅车站的幽灵

The winter of 2014 was also a busy time for Ukrainians.

2014年的冬天对乌克兰人来说也是一段繁忙的时期。

Incensed by then-President Viktor Yanukovych’s about-face on his campaign promise to move the country closer to the European Union, thousands of citizens participated in a months-long protest movement that turned Kyiv’s central square — the Maidan — into a barricaded encampment. Euromaidan, the name given to the demonstration, culminated in late Feb. 2014 in a series of seismic events. The first was a violent crackdown on the protestors, instigated by Yanukovych’s security forces at the prompting of Russian intelligence, that involved the deployment of snipers to kill or wound more than 100 protesters. Soon after the massacre, Yanukovych, again with the help of Russian operatives, fled from Ukraine to Russia. Vladimir Putin had already ordered his military to occupy Crimea — home to Sevastopol, the headquarters of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet — and after an unfree, unfair, hastily organized “referendum,” the peninsula was illegally annexed by Russia on Mar. 18. But Russian forces did not stop there, unleashing a plausibly deniable proxy war in the eastern Ukrainian Donbas region in the guise of a “separatist” insurgency that, after a few months of heavy fighting, settled into a lower-level territorial standoff that simmered until Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in Feb. 2022.

时任总统维克多·亚努科维奇（Viktor Yanukovych）在竞选中承诺让该国更接近欧盟，这激怒了数千名公民，他们参加了长达数月的抗议运动，将基辅的中心广场——Maidan——变成了一个被封锁的营地。2014年2月下旬，Euromaidan在一系列地震事件中达到高潮。首先是亚努科维奇的安全部队在俄罗斯情报部门的推动下对抗议者的暴力镇压，其中包括部署狙击手杀死或伤害100多名抗议者。大屠杀发生后不久，亚努科维奇再次在俄罗斯特工的帮助下从乌克兰逃往俄罗斯。弗拉基米尔·普京（Vladimir Putin）已经命令他的军队占领克里米亚——俄罗斯黑海舰队总部塞瓦斯托波尔的所在地——在一场不自由、不公平、匆忙组织的“公投”之后，该半岛于3月18日被俄罗斯非法吞并。但俄罗斯军队并没有就此止步，他们以“分离主义”叛乱为幌子，在乌克兰东部顿巴斯地区发动了一场看似合理的代理人战争，经过几个月的激烈战斗，这场战争陷入了低级别的领土对峙，直到俄罗斯于 2022 年 2 月全面入侵乌克兰。

Largely as a result of Russia’s aggressive actions, a new political consensus was forming in the unoccupied parts of Ukraine. Ukraine’s push for independence in 1991 may have precipitated the collapse of the Soviet Union, but for the next two decades, Ukrainian society would remain divided between those who sought integration with Europe and those who favored a path that would keep the country closer to Russia — culturally and economically, if not politically. 2014 was a turning point. For the first time, polls showed a majority of Ukrainians favoring future membership in NATO, and even though Kyiv’s accession to the North Atlantic alliance likely remains years away, expanded intelligence cooperation does not require the consensus vote of NATO’s 32 member states.

主要是由于俄罗斯的侵略行动，乌克兰未被占领的地区正在形成新的政治共识。乌克兰在1991年推动独立可能促成了苏联的解体，但在接下来的二十年里，乌克兰社会将继续分裂，一派寻求与欧洲一体化，另一派则支持一条使国家更接近俄罗斯的道路——在文化和经济上，如果不是在政治上的话。2014年是一个转折点。民意调查首次显示，大多数乌克兰人赞成未来加入北约，尽管基辅加入北大西洋联盟可能还需要数年时间，但扩大情报合作并不需要北约 32 个成员国的一致投票。

As was recently reported by The New York Times, the CIA enormously expanded its cooperation with Ukraine’s military intelligence service, HUR, in the years following Euromaidan. Starting in 2015, that cooperation has transformed Kyiv into “one of Washington’s most important intelligence partners against the Kremlin today,” according to the Times. Ukrainian spies trained by the CIA would later be deployed to Russia, Europe, and even Cuba. Today they are capable of launching drones at oil refineries and strategic railways deep inside Russia, even at the Kremlin itself. They have also destroyed a third of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet without the benefit of a bona fide Ukrainian navy.

正如《纽约时报》最近报道的那样，中央情报局在 Euromaidan 之后的几年里极大地扩大了与乌克兰军事情报机构 HUR 的合作。据《泰晤士报》报道，从 2015 年开始，这种合作已将基辅转变为“华盛顿当今对抗克里姆林宫最重要的情报伙伴之一”。由中央情报局训练的乌克兰间谍后来被部署到俄罗斯、欧洲甚至古巴。今天，他们能够向俄罗斯境内的炼油厂和战略铁路发射无人机，甚至在克里姆林宫本身。他们还摧毁了俄罗斯黑海舰队的三分之一，而没有真正的乌克兰海军。

Cooperation with the CIA since 2015 has transformed Kyiv into “one of Washington’s most important intelligence partners against the Kremlin today,” according to the NYT

据《纽约时报》报道，自 2015 年以来与中央情报局的合作已将基辅转变为“华盛顿当今对抗克里姆林宫最重要的情报伙伴之一”

Distinguished HUR operatives, such as the service’s current director, Gen. Kyrylo Budanov, cut their teeth in a Ukrainian commando group, Unit 2245, trained by the CIA’s paramilitary force, or Ground Department. And Moscow was certainly aware of the collaboration. Russians blew up the car of Col. Maksim Shapoval, the head of Unit 2245, while he was on his way to meet with CIA officers from Kyiv Station, the agency’s office embedded within the U.S. Embassy.

杰出的 HUR 特工，例如该军种现任主任基里洛·布达诺夫将军，在由中央情报局准军事部队或地面部门训练的乌克兰突击队 2245 部队中崭露头角。莫斯科当然知道这种合作。俄罗斯人炸毁了 2245 部队负责人马克西姆·沙波瓦尔上校的汽车，当时他正在前往基辅站会见中央情报局官员的路上，基辅站是该机构位于美国大使馆内的办公室。

The hyperactive CIA outpost in the Ukrainian capital was, as one former U.S. intelligence official put it, responsible for “installing the plumbing” within HUR. The Insider, 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel can now reveal for the first time the extent to which that CIA station was subsequently impacted by Havana Syndrome.

正如一位前美国情报官员所说，中央情报局在乌克兰首都的过度活跃的前哨负责在HUR内“安装管道”。The Insider、60 Minutes 和 Der Spiegel 现在可以首次揭示中央情报局站随后受到哈瓦那综合症影响的程度。

The hyperactive CIA outpost in the Ukrainian capital was, as one former U.S. intelligence official put it, responsible for “installing the plumbing” within HUR

正如一位前美国情报官员所说，乌克兰首都的中央情报局前哨基地非常活跃，负责在 HUR 内“安装管道”

Two CIA officers posted to Kyiv during that period of intense collaboration between U.S. and Ukrainian intelligence later experienced AHIs after being posted to new missions overseas. One, the incoming chief of station in Hanoi, Vietnam, was hit while domiciled in temporary housing at the Oakwood Residence Suites hotel in the Vietnamese capital in August 2021, amid lockdown conditions connected to the COVID-19 pandemic. Another officer, who became deputy chief of station in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, was hit in his apartment in that city in December 2020, along with his wife and child. He and his family had to be medevaced out of Tashkent and received treatment at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. The incoming Hanoi chief of station was also medevaced out of Vietnam and received treatment at Walter Reed. Additionally, the wife of a third CIA officer who had served in Kyiv during the same critical time frame — roughly 2014 to 2017 — was hit in October 2021 in a cafe in London. She was treated locally in London and is also in the CIA.

在美国和乌克兰情报部门密切合作期间，两名被派往基辅的中央情报局官员后来在被派往海外执行新任务后经历了 AHI。其中一位是即将上任的越南河内站长，2021 年 8 月，在与 COVID-19 大流行相关的封锁条件下，他在越南首都奥克伍德华庭套房酒店的临时住所中遭到袭击。2020年12月，另一名成为乌兹别克斯坦塔什干警察局副局长的警官在该市的公寓里被击中，他的妻子和孩子也被击中。他和他的家人不得不被救出塔什干，并在沃尔特·里德国家军事医疗中心接受治疗。即将上任的河内站长也被送出越南，并在沃尔特·里德（Walter Reed）接受治疗。此外，2021 年 10 月，在同一关键时间段（大约 2014 年至 2017 年）在基辅服役的第三名中央情报局官员的妻子在伦敦的一家咖啡馆遭到袭击。她在伦敦当地接受治疗，也在中央情报局工作。

The cluster of Havana Syndrome cases that emerged from veterans of the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv was so worrisome to one of its number that he opted to resign from the CIA altogether rather than risk becoming a fourth victim.

美国驻基辅大使馆退伍军人出现的哈瓦那综合症病例群令其中一人非常担忧，以至于他选择完全从中央情报局辞职，而不是冒险成为第四个受害者。

Of all the cases examined by The Insider, 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel, the most well-documented involve U.S. intelligence and diplomatic personnel with subject matter expertise in Russia or operational experience in countries such as Georgia and Ukraine, two post-Soviet states that have undergone pro-Western “color revolutions” in the past two decades. (Some of these personnel are still active and declined to speak for this article.)

在《内幕》（The Insider）、《60分钟》（60 Minutes）和《明镜周刊》（Der Spiegel）调查的所有案件中，记录最充分的案件涉及美国情报和外交人员，他们在俄罗斯具有主题专业知识，或在格鲁吉亚和乌克兰等国家拥有行动经验，这两个后苏联国家在过去二十年中经历了亲西方的“颜色革命”。（其中一些人员仍然活跃，并拒绝为本文发言。

Putin himself has not shied away from laying blame for these pro-democratic protest movements at the doorstep of Langley or Foggy Bottom — or both. As recently as his Feb. 9 interview with former Fox News anchor Tucker Carlson, Putin peddled the conspiracy theory that Euromaidan was not the work of discontented Ukrainians at all. “The CIA completed its job in implementing the coup d’état,” the Russian head of state told Carlson.

普京本人并没有回避将这些亲民主的抗议运动归咎于兰利或雾谷的家门口——或两者兼而有之。就在2月9日接受前福克斯新闻主播塔克·卡尔森（Tucker Carlson）采访时，普京兜售了一种阴谋论，即Euromaidan根本不是不满的乌克兰人的作品。“中央情报局完成了实施政变的工作，”俄罗斯国家元首告诉卡尔森。

Putin would have every interest, in other words, in neutralizing scores of U.S. intelligence officers he deemed responsible for his loss of the former satellites or constituent pieces of the former Soviet empire. Ukraine is the lynchpin nation in Putin’s grand design to “reestablish the Soviet Union,” as President Biden phrased it on Feb. 24, 2022, the date of Russia’s full-scale invasion.

换言之，普京完全有兴趣消灭数十名美国情报官员，他认为这些官员对他失去前卫星或前苏联帝国的组成部分负有责任。正如拜登总统在 2022 年 2 月 24 日俄罗斯全面入侵之日所说的那样，乌克兰是普京“重建苏联”宏伟计划中的关键国家。

Greg Edgreen, the former DIA investigator of Havana Syndrome, told 60 Minutes, that his working group pored through “a large body of data, ranging from signals intelligence, human intelligence, open-source reporting. Anything regarding the internet, travel records, financial records, you name it. And we kept on seeing a number of data points. This was happening to our top 5%, 10% performing officers across the Defense Intelligence Agency. Consistently there was a Russia nexus. There was some angle where they had worked against Russia, focused on Russia, and done extremely well.”

前DIA哈瓦那综合症调查员格雷格·埃德格林（Greg Edgreen）告诉《60分钟》，他的工作组仔细研究了“大量数据，包括信号情报、人类情报、开源报告。任何关于互联网、旅行记录、财务记录的事情，应有尽有。我们不断看到一些数据点。这种情况发生在国防情报局表现最差的5%、10%的军官身上。一直存在与俄罗斯的联系。从某种角度来看，他们曾与俄罗斯合作，专注于俄罗斯，并且做得非常好。

Marc Polymeropolous is a highly decorated former CIA officer, whose last title was Chief of Operation for the agency’s Europe and Eurasia Mission Center, which is in charge of all clandestine activity in over forty countries. Polymeropoulos, now an MSNBC contributor, is also one of the most outspoken victims of Havana Syndrome, and an advocate for healthcare for fellow CIA officers affected by it. He was hit at the height of his career, in December 2017, while in Moscow on an official CIA visit to liaise with Russian counterparts about counterterrorism cooperation between Washington and Moscow. (In tandem with this investigation, The Insider is publishing his first-hand account of that experience and its aftermath, which forced his retirement from the CIA. His memoir can be read here.)

Marc Polymeropolous是一位功勋卓著的前中央情报局官员，他的最后一个头衔是该机构欧洲和欧亚大陆任务中心的行动主管，该中心负责四十多个国家的所有秘密活动。Polymeropoulos现在是MSNBC的撰稿人，也是哈瓦那综合症最直言不讳的受害者之一，也是受其影响的中央情报局官员的医疗保健倡导者。2017年12月，他在职业生涯的巅峰时期遭到打击，当时他正在莫斯科进行中央情报局的正式访问，与俄罗斯同行就华盛顿和莫斯科之间的反恐合作进行联络。（在这项调查的同时，《内幕》杂志还发表了他关于那次经历及其后果的第一手资料，这迫使他从中央情报局退休。他的回忆录可以在这里阅读。

“Assuming this is true, it certainly fits the pattern of the Russians seeking retribution for events they think we’re responsible for. As a former CIA case officer, I don’t believe in coincidences.”

“假设这是真的，这当然符合俄罗斯人为他们认为我们负责的事件寻求报复的模式。作为前中央情报局办案人员，我不相信巧合。

The Insider, 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel presented Polymeropoulos with its findings: that multiple CIA officers who had worked cheek-by-jowl with HUR a decade or so ago were affected by Havana Syndrome later in their careers. “Assuming this is true, it certainly fits the pattern of the Russians seeking retribution for events they think we’re responsible for,” he said. “As a former CIA case officer, I don’t believe in coincidences.”

The Insider、60 Minutes 和 Der Spiegel 向 Polymeropoulos 展示了其调查结果：大约十年前与 HUR 合作的多名中央情报局官员在他们职业生涯的后期受到了哈瓦那综合症的影响。“假设这是真的，这当然符合俄罗斯人为他们认为我们负责的事件寻求报复的模式，”他说。“作为前中央情报局案件官员，我不相信巧合。

The GRUs Amazing Race GRUs 惊人的比赛

Just as reports of curious ailments experienced by U.S. officials working for the State and Commerce Departments began emerging from China in 2016 and 2017, one of Sergei Skripal’s poisoners crossed into the country, disguised among a group of Russian auto mechanics.

2016年和2017年，就在为国务院和商务部工作的美国官员经历奇怪疾病的报道开始从中国传出时，谢尔盖·斯克里帕尔（Sergei Skripal）的一名毒药者伪装成一群俄罗斯汽车修理工进入中国。

The Silk Way Rally, an off-road racing event, was founded in 2009 as a kind of intercontinental SCORE International. Originally limited to the expanse of Russia and Central Asia, by 2016 the course ran all the way from Moscow to Xi’an, an ancient city in China that once marked the easternmost end of the Silk Road. With legitimate sponsorship deals and celebrity offroad race car drivers — Vladimir Chagin, who holds the record for the most victories at the Dakar Rally, is director of Silk Way, and his number two is Frederic Lequien, the CEO of the FIA World Endurance Championship — the race covers a ground distance of nearly 4,400 miles. In other words, it’s a convenient conduit for moving people and hardware across the globe.

丝绸之路拉力赛是一项越野赛车赛事，成立于 2009 年，是一种洲际 SCORE 国际赛事。最初仅限于广阔的俄罗斯和中亚，到2016年，该路线从莫斯科一直延伸到中国古城习，曾经是丝绸之路的最东端。凭借合法的赞助协议和名人越野赛车手——在达喀尔拉力赛上保持最多胜利记录的弗拉基米尔·查金是丝绸之路的总监，他的第二名是国际汽联世界耐力锦标赛的首席执行官弗雷德里克·勒奎恩——这场比赛的地面距离接近 4,400 英里。换句话说，它是在全球范围内移动人员和硬件的便捷渠道。

Which is maybe why the Silk Way Rally is a GRU front.

这也许就是为什么丝绸之路拉力赛是GRU的前线。

Bulat Yanborisov, its head, was awarded his second Order of Nevsky, a prestigious Russian military award, by GRU Deputy Director Gen. Vladimir Alexeev at an elaborate ceremony in Moscow in April 2023. (A video of that ceremony was obtained by The Insider.)

2023 年 4 月，在莫斯科举行的精心仪式上，GRU 副主任弗拉基米尔·阿列克谢耶夫将军授予其负责人布拉特·扬博里索夫 （Bulat Yanborisov） 他的第二个涅夫斯基勋章，这是一项享有盛誉的俄罗斯军事奖项。（The Insider 获得了该仪式的视频。

Internal documents pertaining to Silk Way Rally also explicitly state that the true purpose of this seemingly apolitical sports competition is to create a “universal platform for people’s diplomacy,” premised on the notion of “Russia’s soft power.” The Kremlin hoped to unite Russia, China, Iran, Qatar, Afghanistan, Syria, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan, and to construct “logistics terminals” in each of these countries — complete with storage facilities and 5G communications hubs. (Expanded routes for the rally were meant to bypass these countries, but Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 put paid to that ambition.)

与丝绸之路拉力赛有关的内部文件也明确指出，这场看似非政治性的体育比赛的真正目的是以“俄罗斯软实力”的概念为前提，创造一个“人民外交的普遍平台”。克里姆林宫希望联合俄罗斯、中国、伊朗、卡塔尔、阿富汗、叙利亚、土库曼斯坦和塔吉克斯坦，并在这些国家中的每一个国家建造“物流码头”——包括存储设施和5G通信枢纽。（扩大集会路线是为了绕过这些国家，但俄罗斯在 2022 年入侵乌克兰使这一雄心壮志付诸东流。

However, this “soft power” mandate appears to have been simply a cover for the true functions of the Silk Way Rally. Yanborisov’s phone records show he was in constant communication with GRU spies, including members of Unit 29155. Using reverse face-search tools, The Insider was able to identify members of the unit who were disguised as staff working for the rally. The self-styled sports organization also purchased tickets for members traveling under false identities.

然而，这种“软实力”任务似乎只是丝绸之路拉力赛真正功能的幌子。扬博里索夫的电话记录显示，他一直与格鲁乌间谍保持联系，包括29155部队的成员。使用反向面部搜索工具，The Insider 能够识别出伪装成为集会工作人员的单位成员。这个自封的体育组织还为以虚假身份旅行的会员购买了门票。

One of these was the man who turned a sleepy English cathedral city into a quarantine zone.

其中之一就是将一个沉睡的英国大教堂城市变成隔离区的人。

On July 6, 2016, Alexander Mishkin, one of Unit 29155’s medical doctors and one of the two hitmen tasked by Andrey Averyanov with killing Sergei and Yulia Skripal with Novichok, embedded with a convoy of Silk Way Rally cars and trucks. His racing companions included other members of Unit 29155: Alexey Kalinin, who took part in one of the Bulgaria bombings in 2015; Alexey Tolstopyatenko, who runs the unit’s Azerbaijani and Turkish operations, posing as an ethnic Tajik; and Roman Puntus, an explosives expert now working in occupied Crimea.

2016 年 7 月 6 日，亚历山大·米什金 （Alexander Mishkin） 是 29155 部队的一名医生，也是安德烈·阿维里亚诺夫 （Andrey Averyanov） 指派的两名杀手之一，他与诺维乔克一起杀死了谢尔盖和尤利娅·斯克里帕尔，并嵌入了丝绸之路拉力赛汽车和卡车车队。他的赛车同伴包括 29155 部队的其他成员：阿列克谢·加里宁，他参加了 2015 年的保加利亚爆炸事件之一;阿列克谢·托尔斯托比亚坚科（Alexey Tolstopyatenko），负责该部队的阿塞拜疆和土耳其行动，冒充塔吉克族人;以及目前在被占领的克里米亚工作的爆炸物专家罗曼·蓬图斯（Roman Puntus）。

Leaked flight database shows Alexander Mishkin (Petrov) returning from Beijing and flying straight to St. Petersburg

泄露的航班数据库显示亚历山大·米什金（彼得罗夫）从北京返回并直飞圣彼得堡

Three days later, on July 9, the rally officially started, and any trace of the racers was lost for almost two weeks thereafter. Then, on July 25, Mishkin appeared on a flight from Beijing to Moscow, traveling on a joint booking together with Yanborisov, the Silk Way Rally head. Immediately upon his return, Mishkin traveled on to St. Petersburg to meet with Sergei Chepur, head of the Russian Defense Ministry’s Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine, the GRU’s entity for testing the effects of various types of toxic substances — such as the Novichok used to poison the Skripals — on the human body. Chepur is a consultant to Unit 29155 commander, Andrey Averyanov. Mishkin is one of Chepur’s former students.

三天后，即7月9日，拉力赛正式开始，此后近两周内，赛车手的任何踪迹都消失了。然后，在7月25日，米什金出现在从北京飞往莫斯科的航班上，与丝绸之路拉力赛负责人扬博里索夫一起预订。回国后，米什金立即前往圣彼得堡会见了俄罗斯国防部军事医学研究测试研究所所长谢尔盖·切普尔（Sergei Chepur），该研究所是GRU的实体，负责测试各种有毒物质（例如用于毒害斯克里帕尔人的诺维乔克）对人体的影响。切普尔是29155部队指挥官安德烈·阿维里亚诺夫（Andrey Averyanov）的顾问。米什金是切普尔以前的学生之一。

In 2017 the Silk Way Rally returned to China along the same racing route. This time, another member of Unit 29155, Sergey Avdeenko, joined the convoy, masquerading as a car technician. Avdeenko entered China on July 12 and flew from Xi’an to the Siberian city of Novosibirsk on July 23.

2017年，丝绸之路拉力赛沿着同一条赛道回到了中国。这一次，29155部队的另一名成员谢尔盖·阿夫登科（Sergey Avdeenko）伪装成汽车技术员加入了车队。阿夫登科于7月12日进入中国，并于7月23日从习飞往西伯利亚城市新西伯利亚。

Sergey Avdeenko, a member of Unit 29155, smiling in the background and disguised as staff at the Silk Way Rally in China in 2017

2017年，29155部队成员谢尔盖·阿夫登科（Sergey Avdeenko）在背景中微笑，伪装成中国丝绸之路拉力赛的工作人员

The summer of 2017 is when Mark Lenzi, the State Department official in Guangzhou, first began experiencing strange health problems, as did Catherine Werner, a Commerce Department official in the city. Like Lenzi, Werner would be medevaced out of China. She was diagnosed with an “organic brain injury.” The State Department ultimately evacuated more than ten of its people from Guangzhou.

2017年夏天，美国国务院驻广州官员马克·伦齐（Mark Lenzi）和商务部驻广州官员凯瑟琳·沃纳（Catherine Werner）首次开始出现奇怪的健康问题。像伦齐一样，维尔纳也会被赶出中国。她被诊断出患有“器质性脑损伤”。美国国务院最终从广州撤离了十多人。

Another U.S. Commerce Department official stationed in Beijing began having symptoms and hearing strange sounds and feeling pressure in her head while at home in October of 2017, just before a visit to China by President Trump that November. She was also medevaced for treatment in the United States.

2017年10月，另一位驻扎在北京的美国商务部官员在家中开始出现症状，听到奇怪的声音，并感到头部有压力，就在特朗普总统当年11月访问中国之前。她还被送往美国接受治疗。

Lenzi is a fluent Russian speaker who studied in Lithuania on a Fulbright scholarship and has worked in official capacities as a diplomat in Russia. “I absolutely believe my background on Russia is why I was targeted,” Lenzi told The Insider.

Lenzi 能说一口流利的俄语，曾获得富布赖特奖学金在立陶宛学习，并曾在俄罗斯担任外交官。“我绝对相信我在俄罗斯的背景是我成为目标的原因，”伦齐告诉The Insider。

“The U.S. government shrugs publicly about my family’s ordeal,” he said. “But U.S. government personnel behind closed doors have acknowledged to me that my and my family’s diagnosed traumatic brain injuries are due to exposure to high levels of pulsed microwave radiation.”

“美国政府对我家人的苦难公开耸耸肩，”他说。“但美国政府人员闭门向我承认，我和我的家人被诊断出的创伤性脑损伤是由于暴露于高水平的脉冲微波辐射。

Pulsed microwave radiation is one of two technologies that scientists — including those assigned by the U.S. intelligence community to investigate Havana Syndrome — have theorized as the possible cause of the condition. The other is acoustic sound. Either of these approaches may result in the victim appearing to hear audible sounds, hums and clicks, through a phenomenon termed the Frey Effect, named for Allan H. Frey, the American scientist who first wrote about the microwave auditory effect.

脉冲微波辐射是科学家（包括美国情报界指派调查哈瓦那综合症的科学家）认为是导致这种疾病的可能原因的两种技术之一。另一种是声学。这两种方法中的任何一种都可能导致受害者似乎听到可听见的声音、嗡嗡声和咔嗒声，这种现象被称为弗雷效应，该效应以美国科学家艾伦·H·弗雷（Allan H. Frey）的名字命名，他首先撰写了关于微波听觉效应的文章。

Russia has been experimenting with both for decades.

几十年来，俄罗斯一直在尝试这两种方法。

In fact, in its corpus of scientific literature the two phenomena are conflated into a common category of “wave weapons.” A Soviet patent from 1974 was issued to a military unit that developed – and claimed to have successfully tested – a “non-lethal device inducing sleep in the target via the use of radio-waves.” A series of studies by Soviet and Russian scientists from 1991 to 2012 focused on the transmission of simulated auditory information to targets using ultra-high radio frequencies. And The Insider, 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel can now reveal, senior members of Unit 29155 were themselves tasked with, and rewarded for, successfully testing “non-lethal acoustic weapons.”

事实上，在其科学文献中，这两种现象被混为一谈，成为“波浪武器”的共同类别。1974 年的一项苏联专利被授予一个军事单位，该单位开发并声称已成功测试了一种“通过使用无线电波诱导目标睡眠的非致命装置”。从1991年到2012年，苏联和俄罗斯科学家的一系列研究集中在使用超高射频将模拟听觉信息传输到目标上。《内幕》（The Insider）、《60分钟》（60 Minutes）和《明镜周刊》（Der Spiegel）现在可以透露，29155部队的高级成员自己也曾被赋予了成功测试“非致命声学武器”的任务，并获得了奖励。

A Promotion – and a Prize

晋升和奖品

Col. Ivan Terentiev spent a decade as the deputy commander of the unit, and held an additional ominous title of «commander of group for special tasks of Unit 29155». In January 2024, the Bulgarian government issued a European Arrest Warrant for Terentiev owing to his personal involvement in the destruction of Bulgarian arms facilities beginning in 2011. When he wasn’t busy blowing up military depots in the Balkans, Terentiev, a trained engineer, also moonlighted as a research and development specialist for Russia’s Ministry of Defense. In that capacity he co-wrote dozens of military-scientific papers, including one on the “effectiveness of underwater shooting.” He’s also spent time exploring acoustic weapons.

伊万·捷伦季耶夫上校担任该部队的副指挥官长达十年，并拥有“29155部队特殊任务组指挥官”的额外不祥头衔。2024 年 1 月，保加利亚政府对特伦季耶夫发出了欧洲逮捕令，因为他个人参与了从 2011 年开始销毁保加利亚武器设施的行动。当他不忙于炸毁巴尔干半岛的军事基地时，训练有素的工程师捷伦季耶夫还兼职担任俄罗斯国防部的研发专家。在这个职位上，他与人合写了数十篇军事科学论文，其中包括一篇关于“水下射击的有效性”的论文。他还花时间探索声学武器。

In mid 2019, Terentiev was suddenly promoted to a Kremlin position. As part of the vetting process, he had to explain to the Kremlin why he had failed to declare a bank account into which he received an unaccounted-for transfer of funds in late 2017. Part of this disbursement had come from Terentiev’s handing over the intellectual property rights of his research and inventions to the Ministry of Defense. Namely, he had provided research work on developing a new weapon for the Foundation for Advanced Military Research. One of Vladimir Putin’s pet projects, the foundation was created in 2012 with a mandate for building “innovative weapons including [ones] based on new physical properties,” as its website states, and “to close a gap in advanced research with our Western partners after 20 years of stagnation in the Russian military science and defense industry overall.”

2019年年中，特伦季耶夫突然被提升为克里姆林宫的职位。作为审查过程的一部分，他必须向克里姆林宫解释为什么他没有申报一个银行账户，他在2017年底收到了一笔下落不明的资金转账。这笔款项的一部分来自捷伦季耶夫将其研究和发明的知识产权移交给国防部。也就是说，他为高级军事研究基金会提供了开发新武器的研究工作。作为弗拉基米尔·普京（Vladimir Putin）的宠儿项目之一，该基金会成立于2012年，其任务是建造“创新武器，包括基于新物理特性的武器”，正如其网站所述，并“在俄罗斯军事科学和国防工业整体停滞20年后，缩小与西方合作伙伴在高级研究方面的差距。

Terentiev’s prized research was focused on the “potential capabilities of non-lethal acoustic weapons in combat activities in urban settings,” according to an addendum The Insider obtained from an email account belonging to Nikolay Ezhov, Terentiev’s aide in Unit 29155 and his travel companion to Europe in 2014, just before Taylor’s attack.

根据《内幕》从特伦季耶夫在29155部队的助手尼古拉·埃佐夫（Nikolay Ezhov）的电子邮件帐户中获得的附录，特伦季耶夫的宝贵研究集中在“非致命声学武器在城市环境中战斗活动的潜在能力”，以及他在2014年泰勒袭击前前往欧洲的旅伴。

Ezhov had emailed the addendum to the anti-corruption office in Putin’s Presidential Administration in an attempt to explain how 100,000 rubles – the equivalent of around $1,700 at the time – wound up in Terentiev’s checking account. That sum was symbolic; the real reward was Terentiev’s new job.

埃佐夫通过电子邮件将附录发送给普京总统府的反腐败办公室，试图解释10万卢布（当时相当于约1,700美元）是如何进入捷伦季耶夫的支票账户的。这笔款项是象征性的;真正的回报是捷伦季耶夫的新工作。

The reason for his financial vetting was that the GRU saboteur was being promoted to a prestigious political position, that of Putin’s federal inspector for the Far Eastern Sakhalin region. In Russia, a federal inspector has oversight over a regional governor, affording Terentiev ample opportunities for kickbacks and self-enrichment. Also, given his continued tenure in Unit 29155, Terentiev would have greater oversight over Sakhalin’s neighbors, Japan, China and South Korea. Ezhov, meanwhile, was named deputy director of Sakhalin before receiving his own plum assignment in 2020 as federal inspector for Yakutia, the largest republic in Russia, replete with natural resources such as oil, gas and 99% of the country’s diamond reserves.

他进行财务审查的原因是，GRU破坏者正在被提升到一个享有盛誉的政治职位，即普京在远东萨哈林地区的联邦检查员。在俄罗斯，一名联邦检查员对一名州长进行监督，这为捷伦季耶夫提供了充足的回扣和自我致富的机会。此外，鉴于他继续在29155部队任职，捷伦季耶夫将对萨哈林岛的邻国日本、中国和韩国进行更大的监督。与此同时，埃佐夫被任命为萨哈林岛的副主任，然后在 2020 年接受自己的梅花任务，担任俄罗斯最大的共和国雅库特的联邦检查员，雅库特拥有石油、天然气等自然资源，拥有该国 99% 的钻石储量。

Few Russian intelligence officers with no public profile, discernible bureaucratic profile or personal ties to Putin reach such dizzying heights. So what accounts for Terentiev and Ezhov’s elevation?

很少有俄罗斯情报官员没有公开形象，没有明显的官僚形象或与普京的个人关系，达到如此令人眼花缭乱的高度。那么，捷伦季耶夫和叶佐夫的崛起是什么原因呢？

A scan of the addendum sent by Lt. Col. Nikolay Ezhov, one of Col. Ivan Terentiev’s aides and a fellow member of Unit 29155, which shows that Terentiev’s prize is related to his research on the “potential capabilities of non-lethal acoustic weapons in combat activities in urban settings.”

伊万·捷伦季耶夫上校的助手之一、29155部队成员尼古拉·埃佐夫中校发送的附录扫描件显示，特伦季耶夫的奖项与他对“非致命声学武器在城市环境中作战活动的潜在能力”的研究有关。

Operation Reduktor Reduktor行动

The Insider, 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel have obtained a set of intelligence documents describing a classified Soviet-era program codenamed Reduktor, or “Gearbox.” Begun in 1984 at the Radio Technical Measurement Research Institute in Kharkiv, Ukraine, Reduktor’s central task was to study the uses of “electromagnetic radiation to influence the behavior and reactions of biological objects, [including] people.” The institute was subordinated to the Soviet Ministry of General Machine Building, which oversaw the Soviet Union’s space exploration program. (Today its successor is Russia’s Federal Space Agency, Roscosmos.) The head of the research institute, according to the documents, flew to Moscow almost weekly to report on the progress of his work.

The Insider、60 Minutes 和 Der Spiegel 获得了一组情报文件，描述了一个代号为 Reduktor 或“Gearbox”的苏联时代机密程序。1984 年在乌克兰哈尔科夫的无线电技术测量研究所开始，Reduktor 的中心任务是研究“电磁辐射影响生物物体（包括）人的行为和反应”的用途。该研究所隶属于苏联通用机械制造部，负责监督苏联的太空探索计划。（今天，它的继任者是俄罗斯联邦航天局（Roscosmos）。根据文件，该研究所的负责人几乎每周都飞往莫斯科报告他的工作进展。

In 1988, the institute initiated a top secret program for which a separate department, known as the Eighth Branch, was created. About 300 employees worked for the Eighth Branch, whose activities were kept secret from the rest of the institute. Most of its employees were scientists, either active in the Soviet military or retired from it. Engineers and biologists predominated the ranks. Also on staff were psychiatrists. There was strict compartmentalization of work within Eighth Branch, such that one team didn’t know what another was working on and all employees were forbidden from recruiting scientists from other departments within the Research Institute.

1988年，该研究所启动了一项绝密计划，为此创建了一个单独的部门，称为第八分部。大约有300名员工为第八分部工作，其活动对研究所的其他部分保密。它的大多数员工都是科学家，要么活跃在苏联军队中，要么从苏联军队退休。工程师和生物学家占主导地位。工作人员中还有精神科医生。第八分部内部的工作有严格的划分，以至于一个团队不知道另一个团队在做什么，所有员工都被禁止从研究所内的其他部门招聘科学家。

Eighth Branch scientists experimented with electromagnetic energy on rats and rhesus monkeys. Some of the animals died from exposure to thermal radiation; others developed brain damage. “The main goal,” according to one Reduktor document, “was to create a stable mechanism of information influence (i.e., forcing the object to take certain actions by influencing the brain and other organs) using a low-energy effect with a power flux density of no more than 10 microwatts per square centimeter.”

第八分支的科学家在大鼠和恒河猴身上进行了电磁能实验。一些动物因暴露于热辐射而死亡;其他人则出现了脑损伤。根据Reduktor的一份文件，“主要目标是使用功率通量密度不超过每平方厘米10微瓦的低能量效应，创建一种稳定的信息影响机制（即，通过影响大脑和其他器官迫使物体采取某些行动）。

Coinciding with the end of the Soviet Union — and, with it, Ukraine’s independence — Reduktor’s entire scientific yield was transferred from Kharkiv to Moscow by the KGB for further development.

恰逢苏联解体——以及随之而来的乌克兰独立——克格勃将 Reduktor 的全部科学成果从哈尔科夫转移到莫斯科进行进一步开发。

The Reduktor documents indicate that a blueprint model of an electromagnetic device was clunky and conspicuous: “a large dish on an automobile chassis with generators, antennas and other equipment.” Soviet experts were confident that a smaller, more mobile version of such a weapon could eventually be created, with an effective firing range of at least 100 meters.

Reduktor文件表明，电磁设备的蓝图模型笨拙而显眼：“汽车底盘上的一个大盘子，上面有发电机，天线和其他设备。苏联专家相信，这种武器的更小，更具机动性，最终可以制造出一种更小，更机动的版本，其有效射程至少为100米。

Separately, in 2010, another scientific research institute in Russia carried out work on the “development of basic technologies for the creation of a new generation of sonar and acoustic weapons systems,” according to another document The Insider, 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel have obtained. Under this contemporary program, “an experimental model/prototype” of portable ultrasonic non-lethal weapons was constructed such that it could be mounted onto commercial vehicles. The radial range of this device was limited to between ten and twelve meters. In February-March 2014, the total yield of this study in sonar and acoustic systems – the technical documents and an experimental device – came into the possession of the GRU in Sevastopol, in concert with Russia’s takeover of Crimea.

另外，根据另一份文件The Insider，2010，俄罗斯的另一家科学研究机构开展了“开发用于创建新一代声纳和声学武器系统的基本技术”的工作，60分钟和明镜周刊获得了。根据这一当代计划，建造了便携式超声波非致命武器的“实验模型/原型”，使其可以安装在商用车辆上。该装置的径向范围限制在10到12米之间。2014 年 2 月至 3 月，随着俄罗斯接管克里米亚，声纳和声学系统研究的总产量 - 技术文件和实验设备 - 归塞瓦斯托波尔的 GRU 所有。

In September 2022, the U.S. intelligence community released a classified report titled, “Anomalous Health Incidents: Analysis of Potential Causal Mechanisms,” a redacted copy of which was obtained under a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request by Mark Zaid, a lawyer for more than two dozen victims of Havana Syndrome. The report gives four “core characteristics” of AHIs: “the acute onset of audiovestibular sensory phenomena, including sound and/or pressure, sometimes in only one ear or on one side of the head; …other nearly simultaneous signs and symptoms such as vertigo, loss of balance, and ear pain; …a strong sense of locality or directionality; and…the absence of known environmental or medical conditions that could explain the reported signs and symptoms.”

2022 年 9 月，美国情报界发布了一份题为“异常健康事件：潜在因果机制分析”的机密报告，该报告的编辑副本是根据《信息自由法》（FOIA） 的要求获得的，该报告由二十多名哈瓦那综合症受害者的律师马克·扎伊德 （Mark Zaid） 获得。该报告给出了AHI的四个“核心特征”：“听觉前庭感觉现象的急性发作，包括声音和/或压力，有时仅在一只耳朵或头部的一侧;...其他几乎同时出现的体征和症状，如眩晕、失去平衡和耳痛;...强烈的地方感或方向感;和。。。缺乏已知的环境或医疗条件来解释报告的体征和症状。

One plausible cause for these symptoms, the report states, is microwave energy. Another is ultrasound, a high-frequency form of inaudible acoustic energy that can enter the body through the ear canal or other aspects of the head, causing potential disruption of the central nervous system — especially of the inner ear, where sound and balance are sensed. Both microwave and ultrasound energy can damage cells in the brain as well as open the blood-brain barrier, causing proteins from the damaged cells to leak into the spinal fluid and then into the bloodstream. These so-called biomarkers are metabolized by the body within hours to days, meaning that someone hit with an acoustic weapon would need to have their blood drawn almost immediately after an attack to detect this kind of evidence of injury.

报告指出，造成这些症状的一个合理原因是微波能量。另一种是超声波，这是一种高频形式的听不见的声能，可以通过耳道或头部的其他方面进入人体，导致中枢神经系统的潜在破坏，尤其是内耳，在那里可以感知声音和平衡。微波和超声波能量都会损害大脑中的细胞并打开血脑屏障，导致受损细胞中的蛋白质泄漏到脊髓液中，然后进入血液。这些所谓的生物标志物在几小时到几天内被人体代谢，这意味着被声学武器击中的人在攻击后几乎需要立即抽血才能检测到这种伤害的证据。

The former Kyiv Station CIA officer who was hit in Hanoi in 2021 was one of only two victims of Havana Syndrome whose biomarkers had been measured before the attack, thus establishing an individualized baseline. In this officer’s case, the biomarker levels jumped from normal before the attack to far above normal hours after; they then returned to normal days later, clearly indicating brain injury at the time of the attack, according to multiple sources within the U.S. intelligence community. He was diagnosed with “neural network dysfunction and persistent dysautonomia due to traumatic brain injury.”

2021 年在河内被击中的前基辅站中央情报局官员是哈瓦那综合症仅有的两名受害者之一，他们的生物标志物在袭击前已经过测量，从而建立了个性化的基线。在这名警官的案例中，生物标志物水平从袭击前的正常水平跃升至袭击后的正常水平;据美国情报界的多个消息来源称，几天后他们恢复了正常，清楚地表明袭击发生时脑部受伤。他被诊断出患有“创伤性脑损伤导致的神经网络功能障碍和持续性自主神经功能障碍”。

And yet it remains unclear exactly how the attacks were carried out, or whether multiple types of devices have been used. The limiting factor with ultrasound weapons is distance. Their soundwaves travel poorly through air and solid objects found in buildings, meaning any device of this type would have to get up close to its target, no more than 10 or 12 meters away.

然而，目前尚不清楚这些攻击究竟是如何进行的，或者是否使用了多种类型的设备。超声波武器的限制因素是距离。它们的声波在空气和建筑物中发现的固体物体中的传播效果很差，这意味着任何这种类型的设备都必须靠近目标，距离不超过 10 或 12 米。

Another form of directed energy that travels farther and can penetrate through thicker substances, such as walls and metal barriers, is pulsed microwave energy. The shape of an electromagnetic pulse that could do the kind of physiological harm seen in AHI cases would show an extremely steep rise, with each pulse reaching peak energy within less than a nanosecond. A U.S. Intelligence Community expert panel tasked with assessing the potential causes of Havana Syndrome concluded that this type of energy could “fracture” membranes and capillaries, damaging the myelin sheaths that encase neurons and the blood-brain barrier.

另一种形式的定向能量是脉冲微波能量，它传播得更远，可以穿透较厚的物质，如墙壁和金属屏障。电磁脉冲的形状可以造成AHI病例中的那种生理伤害，它将显示出极其陡峭的上升，每个脉冲在不到一纳秒的时间内达到峰值能量。负责评估哈瓦那综合症潜在原因的美国情报界专家小组得出结论，这种类型的能量可能会“破坏”膜和毛细血管，破坏包裹神经元和血脑屏障的髓鞘。

As Operation Reduktor and Terentiev’s research shows, Moscow has been experimenting with both types of directed energy weapons for a long time.

正如 Reduktor 行动和捷伦季耶夫的研究表明的那样，莫斯科长期以来一直在试验这两种类型的定向能武器。

As Operation Reduktor and Terentiev’s research shows, Moscow has been experimenting with both types of directed energy weapons for a long time.

正如 Reduktor 行动和捷伦季耶夫的研究表明的那样，莫斯科长期以来一直在试验这两种类型的定向能武器。

Dr. David A. Relman, a microbiologist at Stanford University and a co-chair of the expert panel assessment, told The Insider that elements of Reduktor as described in the documents “align with what we and others have hypothesized, and thus, are troubling in their implications. As we stated in the report, the kinds of injuries we proposed to be caused by special forms of pulsed microwave energy would not be expected necessarily to show up on brain imaging studies. We assessed that there was technical and practical evidence to support the plausibility of a concealable device that could cause these effects. These documents and their origins would appear to be clearly worth pursuing.”

斯坦福大学（Stanford University）微生物学家、专家小组评估联合主席大卫·雷尔曼（David A. Relman）博士告诉The Insider，文件中描述的Reduktor元素“与我们和其他人的假设一致，因此，其含义令人不安。正如我们在报告中所说，我们提出的由特殊形式的脉冲微波能量引起的伤害不一定会出现在脑成像研究中。我们评估说，有技术和实践证据支持可能导致这些影响的可隐藏装置的合理性。这些文件及其来源显然值得追查。

Once that pursuit begins, there is the potential for it to lead to some very disturbing places. The Kirov Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg, Russia is headed by the aforementioned GRU consultant Sergei Chepur, a specialist in cholinesterase inhibitors like Novichok.

一旦这种追求开始，它就有可能导致一些非常令人不安的地方。俄罗斯圣彼得堡的基洛夫军事医学院由上述GRU顾问谢尔盖·切普尔（Sergei Chepur）领导，他是诺维乔克（Novichok）等胆碱酯酶抑制剂的专家。

But it is Chepur’s research work that presents the greatest cause for concern. Judging from his publications, Chepur is not only a specialist in biochemistry, but also in the effects of radiation on the brain. The Kirov Academy he heads is one of the few institutions in Russia that has studied Minor’s syndrome, the extremely rare phenomenon that just happened to befall embassy wife Joy in Tbilisi following her encounter with Albert Averyanov.

但切普尔的研究工作最令人担忧。从他的出版物来看，切普尔不仅是生物化学方面的专家，而且是辐射对大脑影响方面的专家。他领导的基洛夫学院是俄罗斯为数不多的研究未成年人综合症的机构之一，这种极其罕见的现象恰好发生在第比利斯的使馆夫人乔伊与阿尔伯特·阿维里亚诺夫相遇后。

Don't Say'The Russians Are Trying to Hurt Us'

不要说“俄罗斯人试图伤害我们”

A consensus has formed among the growing community of AHI sufferers that the U.S. government — and the CIA in particular — is hiding the full extent of what it knows about the source of Havana Syndrome. The victims offer two general hypotheses as to why. The first is that releasing the full intelligence around Russian involvement might be so shocking as to convince the American people and their representatives that Moscow has committed an act of war against the United States, thereby raising thorny questions as to how a nuclear power fond of showing off its hypersonic missiles ought to be made to pay. The second is that acknowledging Havana Syndrome is caused by a foreign adversary could put a damper on recruitment to the CIA and State Department. After all, how many Americans would be willing to serve their country overseas in the full knowledge that their next load of laundry or morning jaunt to the embassy could result in permanent physical and mental ailments?

越来越多的AHI患者群体已经达成共识，即美国政府 - 特别是中央情报局 - 正在隐瞒其对哈瓦那综合症来源的全部了解。受害者对原因提出了两个一般假设。首先，公布有关俄罗斯参与的全部情报可能会令人震惊，以至于让美国人民及其代表相信莫斯科对美国发动了战争，从而提出了一个棘手的问题，即一个喜欢炫耀其高超音速导弹的核大国应该如何付出代价。其次，承认哈瓦那综合症是由外国对手引起的，可能会阻碍中央情报局和国务院的招募。毕竟，有多少美国人愿意在海外为他们的国家服务，因为他们完全知道他们的下一次洗衣服或早上去大使馆的短途旅行可能会导致永久性的身体和精神疾病？

The State Department has walked a knife-edge in addressing that contingency. The Insider, 60 Minutes and Der Spiegel obtained a memo distributed to employees of the Tbilisi mission on December 29, 2021 — over two months after Joy’s attack. It references a task force responsible for coordinating response to AHIs and several pages of guidance on how to talk to children about the strange events, offering distinct advice for different age groups. For young kids who “don’t have enough life experience to understand some of the elements involved in complex, difficult topics like AHI,” the memo advises parents to catch their biases and limit the amount of information their children can access: “Don’t say things like ‘the Russians are trying to hurt or intimidate us’ or ‘if you hear a loud noise, you are probably going to feel dizzy and sick so make sure you get off the X, etc.’”

国务院在处理这一突发事件方面走得很远。《内幕》、《60分钟》和《明镜周刊》于2021年12月29日——乔伊遇袭两个多月后——获得了一份分发给第比利斯使团员工的备忘录。它提到了一个负责协调对AHI的反应的工作组，以及关于如何与儿童谈论奇怪事件的几页指南，为不同年龄组提供了不同的建议。对于那些“没有足够的生活经验来理解像AHI这样复杂、困难的话题所涉及的一些元素”的年幼孩子，备忘录建议父母抓住他们的偏见，限制他们的孩子可以访问的信息量：“不要说'俄罗斯人试图伤害或恐吓我们'或'如果你听到一声巨响， 你可能会感到头晕和恶心，所以一定要下车，等等。

The implication here is that not only are AHIs real, but U.S. diplomats are all too aware of how they happen and who’s behind them.

这里的含义是，不仅AHI是真实的，而且美国外交官都非常清楚它们是如何发生的以及谁是幕后黑手。

Still, it remains unclear why it took American officials so long to acknowledge the problem, and why they still show no sign of having a plan to solve it. “I have spent more than a decade fighting for U.S. government employees and their families – sometimes small children and even pets – who have been victimized by AHIs overseas and domestically,” says attorney Mark Zaid. “It has been so distressing to see how much effort our government has undertaken to cover up the true details of these attacks, no doubt perpetrated by a foreign adversary.”

尽管如此，目前尚不清楚为什么美国官员花了这么长时间才承认这个问题，以及为什么他们仍然没有表现出解决问题的计划。律师马克·扎伊德（Mark Zaid）说：“我花了十多年的时间为美国政府雇员及其家人（有时是小孩甚至宠物）而战，他们在海外和国内都受到AHI的伤害。“看到我们的政府付出了多少努力来掩盖这些袭击的真实细节，这真是令人痛心，毫无疑问，这些袭击是由外国对手实施的。”

That adversary may even be boasting of the fact. Nikolai Patrushev, the Secretary of Russia’s Security Council and a former KGB officer wrote in September 2023 in the in-house magazine for the SVR, Russia’s foreign intelligence service: “In recent years, hundreds of employees of foreign intelligence services, as well as other persons involved in organizing intelligence and subversive activities against our country and our strategic partners, have been identified and neutralized.”

那个对手甚至可能在吹嘘这一事实。2023 年 9 月，俄罗斯安全委员会秘书、前克格勃官员尼古拉·帕特鲁舍夫在俄罗斯对外情报机构 SVR 的内部杂志中写道：“近年来，数百名外国情报机构的雇员，以及其他参与组织针对我国和我们的战略伙伴的情报和颠覆活动的人， 已被识别和中和。

Official attempts to push back against the accusation that Washington has not done enough to combat Havana Syndrome have been short on detail. In a statement to 60 Minutes regarding this investigation, the ODNI affirmed, “We continue to closely examine anomalous health incidents (AHIs), particularly in areas we have identified as requiring additional research and analysis.”

官方试图反驳华盛顿在打击哈瓦那综合症方面做得不够的指控，但缺乏细节。ODNI在向《60分钟》发表的关于这项调查的声明中确认，“我们将继续密切关注异常健康事件（AHI），特别是在我们确定需要额外研究和分析的领域。

However, while recent reports have suggested that Havana Syndrome cases have ceased in recent years, multiple former and present U.S. officials told 60 Minutes that a senior U.S. Department of Defense official was targeted as recently as July 2023 at the NATO summit in Vilnius, Lithuania. That gathering of North American and European representatives, which at various points included U.S. President Joe Biden and his Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, was largely focused on the theme of Western military support for Ukraine in its ongoing defensive war against Russia.

然而，尽管最近的报道表明哈瓦那综合症病例近年来已经停止，但多名前任和现任美国官员告诉《60分钟》，美国国防部一名高级官员最近在 2023 年 7 月在立陶宛维尔纽斯举行的北约峰会上成为目标。包括美国总统乔·拜登（Joe Biden）和他的国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀（Lloyd Austin）在内的北美和欧洲代表在不同时刻的聚会主要集中在西方对乌克兰正在进行的对俄罗斯的防御性战争中的军事支持这一主题上。

Other reports have noted a proliferation of cases in Vienna in the latter half of 2021, months before the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Two veterans of the CIA’s Kyiv Station were posted to Vienna during that spate of reported attacks.

其他报告指出，2021年下半年，即俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰前几个月，维也纳的病例激增。在那一连串报道的袭击事件中，中央情报局基辅站的两名退伍军人被派往维也纳。

This is not the first time that U.S. personnel serving overseas have fallen victim to widespread adverse health consequences. In the decades since the Gulf War of 1991-1992, hundreds of thousands of Western and Iraqi veterans reported suffering from a common set of symptoms ranging from fatigue to terminal tumors. As Edgreen, the former DIA investigator, said, “It took 30 years to prove that the Gulf War Syndrome was a result of exposure to low levels of sarin. [Havana Syndrome] will be proven.”

这不是美国在海外服役的人员第一次成为广泛的不良健康后果的受害者。自1991-1992年海湾战争以来的几十年里，数十万西方和伊拉克退伍军人报告说患有一系列常见的症状，从疲劳到晚期肿瘤。正如前国防情报局调查员埃德格林所说，“花了30年时间才证明海湾战争综合症是暴露于低水平沙林的结果。[哈瓦那综合症]将得到证实。

Unlike Gulf War Syndrome, which resulted from a confluence of environmental factors rather than from the deliberate actions of a state, Havana Syndrome shows all the markings of a Russian hybrid warfare operation

与海湾战争综合症不同，海湾战争综合症是由环境因素汇合而不是一个国家的蓄意行动造成的，哈瓦那综合症显示了俄罗斯混合战争行动的所有特征

It may be proven. But unlike Gulf War Syndrome, which resulted from a confluence of environmental factors rather than from the deliberate actions of a state actor, Havana Syndrome shows all the markings of a Russian hybrid warfare operation. If it is established that the Kremlin really is behind the attacks, then the provision of healthcare and monetary compensation for the victims will not be enough to solve the problem. Removing this many capable American spies and diplomats from active service without killing them and without your main adversary even admitting they’ve done so — such a sustained, decade-long campaign would easily count as one of Vladimir Putin’s greatest strategic victories against the United States.

它可能会得到证实。但与海湾战争综合症不同，海湾战争综合症是由环境因素汇合而不是国家行为者的蓄意行为造成的，哈瓦那综合症显示了俄罗斯混合战争行动的所有特征。如果确定克里姆林宫确实是袭击的幕后黑手，那么为受害者提供医疗保健和金钱赔偿将不足以解决问题。在不杀死他们的情况下将这么多有能力的美国间谍和外交官从现役中移除，你的主要对手甚至不承认他们已经这样做了——这样一个持续的、长达十年的运动很容易算作弗拉基米尔·普京对美国最伟大的战略胜利之一。